Evaluation of the Relationship Between Aniseikonia and Stereopsis Using a New Method

Xu, Lingxian; Liu, Lu; Wu, Huang

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.889398

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A total of five meridians were involved in this study (180°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°). Horizontal and vertical aniseikonia has been discussed in our previous study ( 27 ), while induced oblique aniseikonia was introduced in this study. The difference in stereopsis between the oblique meridians (30°, 45°, and 60°) was analyzed first.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Asthenopia and headaches were two main symptoms of patients with aniseikonia ( 1 ). The tendency of stereopsis to decrease with the increase of aniseikonia is certain ( 4 , 6 , 27 ). However, some influencing factors between aniseikonia and stereopsis have not been determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test symbol was designed according to our previous study on the relationship between aniseikonia and stereopsis at a near distance ( 27 ). A contour-based symbol imitated the quantitative test section of the Fly Stereo Acuity Test, whereas the arrangement pattern was adjusted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assumed that this might be a reason for the poor consistency in previous studies. Previously, we conducted a research to confirm the relationship between induced aniseikonia and near stereopsis and modified the arrangement of test targets to a vertical alignment (27). Although induced disparity by aniseikonia could not be avoided totally, the disparity was transformed into a systemic error, which meant that the position changing of all test symbols was the same; hence, the interference to the judgment of the stereo target could be avoided.…”

Section: What Is the Implication And What Should Change Now?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also little literature referring to stereopsis affected by meridional aniseikonia. We aim to evaluate distance stereopsis with induced aniseikonia based on near stereopsis research ( 27 ), and aniseikonia in oblique meridians was added in this study. The difference between contour-based and random-dot-based patterns was also elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the relationship between induced aniseikonia and distance stereopsis

Liu¹,

Xu²,

Guo³

et al. 2023

Ann Transl Med

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Background: The impact of aniseikonia on stereopsis has been studied for decades, however, inconsistency which may be partly attributed to the method of inducing aniseikonia exists among these findings. This study aimed to induce overall and meridional aniseikonia using a three-dimensional (3D) computer and then evaluate the effect of induced aniseikonia on distance stereopsis using contour-based and random-dot-based patterns.Methods: A 3D laptop was used to produce all of the test symbols. Unlike the usual method of creating aniseikonia with size lenses, which would change not only the size but also the relative position of the test symbols in the two images as seen by the two eyes, a new test system was designed to evaluate the aniseikonia, which only modified the size while maintaining the relative position of the test symbols. This new method reduced the disparities induced by location changing of the paired test targets when inducing aniseikonia. Aniseikonia was induced overall or in one of the meridians. The induced meridional aniseikonia included 180°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°, respectively. The range of induced aniseikonia was 0-30% with an increment of 5%.Results: Overall magnification affected stereopsis more than magnification in any one of the meridians.The stereoacuity differences between oblique meridians (30°, 45°, and 60°) were not significant until the aniseikonia increased up to 20%. The difference between 180°, 45°, and 90° was significant when the aniseikonia increased up to 10% in the contour-based test and over 20% in the random-dot-based test. The stereoacuity trend was improved gradually, coupled with the angle changing from 180º to 90º in the contourbased pattern, and deteriorated gradually in the random-dot-based pattern.Conclusions: Overall aniseikonia affected stereopsis more than meridional aniseikonia. The stereoacuity of the contour-based pattern was superior to that of the random-dot-based pattern in the 90° meridian, while the opposite result was obtained in the 180° meridian.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Is the Implication And What Should Change Now?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Evaluating the relationship between induced aniseikonia and distance stereopsis

Liu¹,

Xu²,

Guo³

et al. 2023

Ann Transl Med

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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A comparative study of stereopsis measurements: analyzing natural conditions versus dichoptic presentation using smartphones and ultraviolet printer technology

Liu,

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Background Accurate differentiation between stereopsis assessments in the natural and dichoptic presentation states has proven challenging with commercial stereopsis measurement tools. This study proposes a novel method to delineate these differences more precisely. Methods We instituted two stereopsis test systems predicated on a pair of 4K smartphones and a modified Frisby Near Stereotest (FNS) version. Stereoacuity was evaluated both in the natural environment state (via the modified FNS) and the dichoptic state (via smartphones). Thirty subjects aged 20 to 28 years participated in the study with the best-corrected visual acuity (VA) of each eye no less than 0 logMAR and stereoauity of no worse than 40″. Varying degrees of monocular VA loss were induced using the fogging method, while this study does not explore conditions where the VA of both eyes is worse than 0 logMAR. Results When the VA difference between the two eyes did not exceed 0.2 logMAR, the modified FNS produced lower stereoacuity values compared to the 4K smartphones (Wilcoxon signed-rank test: difference = 0 logMAR, Z = −3.879, P < 0.001; difference = 0.1 logMAR, Z = −3.478, P = 0.001; difference = 0.2 logMAR, Z = −3.977, P < 0.001). Conversely, no significant differences were observed when the binocular vision difference exceeded 0.2 logMAR (difference = 0.3 logMAR, Z = −1.880, P = 0.060; difference = 0.4 logMAR, Z = −1.784, P = 0.074; difference = 0.5 logMAR, Z = −1.812, P = 0.070). Conclusion The findings suggest that stereoacuity values measurements taken in the natural environment state surpass those derived from the dichoptic presentation. However, the observed difference diminishes as stereopsis decreases, corresponding to an increase in induced anisometropia.

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Evaluation of the Relationship Between Aniseikonia and Stereopsis Using a New Method

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluating the relationship between induced aniseikonia and distance stereopsis

Evaluating the relationship between induced aniseikonia and distance stereopsis

A comparative study of stereopsis measurements: analyzing natural conditions versus dichoptic presentation using smartphones and ultraviolet printer technology

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