Abstract:Background:
In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the association between pregnancy-related plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) levels measured in the first trimester and pregnancy outcomes.
Materials and Methods:
This is a descriptive-analytical study that was performed in 2019--2021 on 1061 pregnant women in their first trimester. Demographic and basic information of all women were collected. These data included age, weight, parity, and date of delivery. Then the quantity … Show more
“…Based on these studies, PAPP-A seems to be a valid marker in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recently, a study confirmed these results, demonstrating that low PAPP-A levels in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of having poor pregnancy outcomes, such as a preterm delivery and PE [36]. In contrast, elevated PAPP-A levels in the first trimester of pregnancy have been associated with a higher risk of developing placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PASs).…”
“…PAPP-A levels increase during pregnancy, with higher concentration at term and a rapid reduction after delivery [ 34 ]. Several studies demonstrated that lower levels of PAPP-A detected during the first trimester screening were associated with a higher risk of complicated pregnancy (PE, IUGR, preterm birth) [ 35 , 36 ]. For instance, a PAPP-A of less than 0.4 multiple of the median (MoM) is predictive of third-trimester complications, such as preeclampsia, IUGR or preterm birth [ 37 ].…”
The placenta plays a key role in several adverse obstetrical outcomes, such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and gestational diabetes mellitus. The early identification of at-risk pregnancies could significantly improve the management, therapy and prognosis of these pregnancies, especially if these at-risk pregnancies are identified in the first trimester. The aim of this review was to summarize the possible biomarkers that can be used to diagnose early placental dysfunction and, consequently, at-risk pregnancies. We divided the biomarkers into proteins and non-proteins. Among the protein biomarkers, some are already used in clinical practice, such as the sFLT1/PLGF ratio or PAPP-A; others are not yet validated, such as HTRA1, Gal-3 and CD93. In the literature, many studies analyzed the role of several protein biomarkers, but their results are contrasting. On the other hand, some non-protein biomarkers, such as miR-125b, miR-518b and miR-628-3p, seem to be linked to an increased risk of complicated pregnancy. Thus, a first trimester heterogeneous biomarkers panel containing protein and non-protein biomarkers may be more appropriate to identify and discriminate several complications that can affect pregnancies.
“…Based on these studies, PAPP-A seems to be a valid marker in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recently, a study confirmed these results, demonstrating that low PAPP-A levels in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of having poor pregnancy outcomes, such as a preterm delivery and PE [36]. In contrast, elevated PAPP-A levels in the first trimester of pregnancy have been associated with a higher risk of developing placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PASs).…”
“…PAPP-A levels increase during pregnancy, with higher concentration at term and a rapid reduction after delivery [ 34 ]. Several studies demonstrated that lower levels of PAPP-A detected during the first trimester screening were associated with a higher risk of complicated pregnancy (PE, IUGR, preterm birth) [ 35 , 36 ]. For instance, a PAPP-A of less than 0.4 multiple of the median (MoM) is predictive of third-trimester complications, such as preeclampsia, IUGR or preterm birth [ 37 ].…”
The placenta plays a key role in several adverse obstetrical outcomes, such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and gestational diabetes mellitus. The early identification of at-risk pregnancies could significantly improve the management, therapy and prognosis of these pregnancies, especially if these at-risk pregnancies are identified in the first trimester. The aim of this review was to summarize the possible biomarkers that can be used to diagnose early placental dysfunction and, consequently, at-risk pregnancies. We divided the biomarkers into proteins and non-proteins. Among the protein biomarkers, some are already used in clinical practice, such as the sFLT1/PLGF ratio or PAPP-A; others are not yet validated, such as HTRA1, Gal-3 and CD93. In the literature, many studies analyzed the role of several protein biomarkers, but their results are contrasting. On the other hand, some non-protein biomarkers, such as miR-125b, miR-518b and miR-628-3p, seem to be linked to an increased risk of complicated pregnancy. Thus, a first trimester heterogeneous biomarkers panel containing protein and non-protein biomarkers may be more appropriate to identify and discriminate several complications that can affect pregnancies.
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