Evaluation of the Refractory Properties of Nigerian Ozanagogo Clay Deposit

Jock, Alexander Asanja; Ayeni, Fatai Afolabi; Ahmed, Abdulkarin Salawu; Sullayman, U. A. A.

doi:10.4236/jmmce.2013.16048

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The Qua'an Pan fireclay brick had the highest cold crushing strength of 21.97 MPa at optimal sintered temperature of 1200 0 C and the lowest strength of 17.64 MPa at 900 0 C sintering temperature. The cold crushing strength also improved and increased as the sintering temperature was increased [17].The cold crushing strength (mechanical strength) of the Kpata and Qua'an Pan fireclay bricks fell within the standard values of 15-59 MPa for refractories [4]. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of the two clay deposits showed the crystallization and phase transformation at varied sintering temperatures.A very close observation on the Kpata clay deposit showed phase changes of quartz, corundum, anatase, rutile, mullite and cristobalite presented in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The Qua'an Panfireclay brick had the highest porosity of 45.6 % at 900 0 C sintering temperature and the lowest porosity of 27.73 % at the best sintering temperature of 1200 0 C. The Qua'an Panfireclay brick had the highest Al 2 O 3 content than Kpatafireclay brick as stated in Table 1.Al 2 O 3 (Alumina) increases strength inthe clay material. The percentage porosity of the Kpata and Qua'an Pan fireclay bricks fell within the standard values of 20-30 % for fireclay refractory bricks [4] [13]. In terms of mechanical properties, the Kpata fireclay brick had the high cold crushing strength of 23.36 MPa at optimum sintering temperature of 1200 0 C as against the lowest strength of 19.12 MPa at 900 0 C sintering temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the refractory industries, they are grouped and referred to as illite, Montmorillonite and kaolinite [3]. Refractories are clay materials that are generally capable of enduring very high temperatures without deformation, structural changes or softening [4]. The type of refractories is determined by the type of refractory requirement for a specific purpose.…”

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Influence of Sintering Temperatures on Physico-Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Refractory Fireclay Bricks

Amkpa¹,

Badarulzaman²,

Aramjat³

2016

IJET

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Abstract-ThisI. INTRODUCTION The up surge application and request for refractory bricks had motivated this research to investigate the raw clay materials used for production of refractory bricks. The raw clay materials were subjected to standard refractory fireclay brick tests requirement through the tests procedures for chemical, thermal, physical and mechanical properties [1]. Clay as a raw material varied considerably in terms of workability, structure, particle-size distribution, plasticity and mineralogical composition. These differences paved way for clays being categorized or classified into plastic clays, flint clays, kaolin clays, fireclays and ball clays [2]. In the refractory industries, they are grouped and referred to as illite, Montmorillonite and kaolinite [3]. Refractories are clay materials that are generally capable of enduring very high temperatures without deformation, structural changes or softening [4]. The type of refractories is determined by the type of refractory requirement for a specific purpose. The types are classified as acid, basic and neutral refractories [5]. Traditionally these clay materials containAl 2 O 3 .SiO 2 .H 2 O to produce alumino-silicates refractory fireclay bricks. They are further classified by temperature. When the temperature is between 1500-1700 0 C, it is branded as refractory e.g. fireclay.The temperaturebetween 1700-2000 0 Cis recognized as high refractory e.g. chromite. When thetemperature is 2000 0 C, it is referred to as super refractory e.g. zircon [5].The applications of refractories are employed in the construction of furnaceslinings, ladles, reactors, ovens and kiln [6]. This disposition proved that the raw clay material is a fireclay and belongs to the alumino-silicate subgroup. The uses for fireclay refractory brick comprise of porous refractory insulation behind furnace linings, refractory fireclay bricks and ladles [7].Refractories are frequently consumed basically in the iron and steel industries [8]. Contamination of refractories clays are usually with limited amount of impurity as contained in the oxides which are CaO, MgO, TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Mn, SO 3 , ZnO, Cl, K 2 O, P 2 O 5 , Cr 2 O 3 and alkali oxides that acts as fluxing mediator at very high temperature [9]. In the process ofiron and steel production, the use of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) for the molten iron that comes from the blast furnace is decontaminated from the scums.Refractories belonging to silica-alumina have heterogeneous microstructure with bulky grain size and reasonable rate of porosity [10]. In Nigeria, previous investigation work has been done on the characterization of the native refractory raw clay materials for the making of quality refractory fireclay bricks for furnace lining, ladles, ovens and kilns [11]. In many cases, the outcome and results of such previous work were inconclusive and not comprehensive enough to be used or adopted for industrial uses. They were not subjected to standard test requirement for refractory bricks production.The researches for an alterna...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Sintering Temperatures on Physico-Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Refractory Fireclay Bricks

Amkpa¹,

Badarulzaman²,

Aramjat³

2016

IJET

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“…The specimen samples were dried at 110 o C for up to 24hrs and then cooled [5], before calcination (firing to 1200 o C). The firing was done gradually at controlled firing rate over four firing stages [6]. This procedure is repeated for the batch composition of each clay sample.…”

Section: Materials and Method:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Effect of Rice Hush Ash on Burnt Properties of Badeggi Clay.

Peter¹,

Abolarin²,

Anafi³

2017

IJAR

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“…The physical and refractory properties of the Nigeria Nafuta and Kankara clay deposits are within the allowable limit for fireclay refractory and these were found to be suitable for the production of refractory bricks with good shrinkage [4] [5]. The thermal conductivity of refractory clays depends on the chemical properties, mineralogical composition, silica content of the refractory and on the application temperature [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Insulating Refractory Properties of Selected Nigeria Fire-Clays Using Coconut Shell

Obidiegwu

Esezobor

Agunsoye

et al. 2015

JMMCE

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The use of coconut shell particulates to enhance the insulating refractory properties of Ukpor, Osiele and Kankara fireclays in Nigeria was studied in this paper. The chemical analysis of the raw materials was conducted using Atomic Absorption spectrometer. The samples used for different tests were prepared by mixing the clay, bentonite and coconut shell, of grain sizes of 212 -600 µm. The prepared samples were air and oven dried for 24 hours at room temperature and at 110˚C respectively. The samples were then fired at different temperatures in the range of 950˚C to 1200˚C at 50˚C interval and at 2.5˚C/min. The fired samples were investigated for their physical, insulating (thermal) and mechanical properties. Micro-structural examination was also carried out. The results indicate that clays with 25 wt% -30 wt% coconut shell and grain sizes of 212 -300 µm fired at 1150˚C -1200˚C possess enhanced mechanical, physical and insulating (thermal) properties. The SEM micrograph revealed the formation of mullite phase in the bricks fired at 1150˚C. Thus, high quality refractory bricks with enhanced insulating properties could be produced from Ukpor, Osiele and Kankara fire-clays blended with coconut shell particulates.

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Evaluation of the Refractory Properties of Nigerian Ozanagogo Clay Deposit

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Influence of Sintering Temperatures on Physico-Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Refractory Fireclay Bricks

Influence of Sintering Temperatures on Physico-Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Refractory Fireclay Bricks

Assessment of Effect of Rice Hush Ash on Burnt Properties of Badeggi Clay.

Enhancement of Insulating Refractory Properties of Selected Nigeria Fire-Clays Using Coconut Shell

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