Evaluation of the Radial Procurvatum Using the Center of Rotation of Angulation Methodology in Chondrodystrophic Dogs

Kwon, Minji; Kwon, Danbee; Lee, Jonghyop; Lee, Kichang; Yoon, Hakyoung

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.774993

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We developed the HRA measurement to quantify lateral radial subluxation in the elbow joint. The HRA shares some resemblance with the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) methodology, which was used in a recent study to evaluate the center and amount of radial curvature in ALD of different chondrodysplastic breeds ( 38 ). However, CORA and HRA measure different aspects of the forearm conformation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breed-typical front limb angular deformity is associated with clinical findings in three chondrodysplastic dog breeds

Lappalainen

Pulkkinen²,

Mölsä³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Angular front limb deformity (ALD) refers to an excessively curved limb conformation, which is seen in some chondrodysplastic dog breeds. Common characteristics of ALD include carpal valgus (VALG), front limb rotation (ROT), elbow incongruity, and lateral radial head subluxation. These may cause lameness and discomfort in affected dogs. The clinical impact and breed-specific characteristics of front limb conformation in chondrodysplastic breeds are unknown. This prospective and cross-sectional study aimed to investigate differences in front limb conformation between three chondrodysplastic breeds. We further evaluate whether front limb conformation is associated with clinical findings and limb function. We propose novel methods to classify findings in the interosseous space and to quantify lateral radial head subluxation. Data from a total of 224 front limbs from 112 dogs of three chondrodysplastic dog breeds (30 Standard Dachshunds, 29 Skye terriers, and 53 Glen of Imaal terriers) were included in the study. Front limb VALG and ROT were measured with a goniometer. From the radiographs, the elbow joint was graded for incongruity (INC), and the humeroradial angle (HRA) was measured to assess lateral radial subluxation. The association of front limb conformation with clinical signs and limb function was investigated using orthopedic examination, goniometric and kinetic measurements, and radiography. The breeds differed significantly in their front limb conformation. The Dachshund had the least ROT and the least radial head subluxation. The Skye terrier had the most VALG, the most radial head subluxation, and the largest prevalence of moderate and severe INC. The Glen of Imaal terrier had the most ROT. In addition, INC, ROT, VALG, and HRA were found to be independent of each other and were associated with several measurable clinical abnormalities and limb function such as pain, lameness, limited range of motion, and elbow joint osteoarthritis. This implies that VALG, ROT, and HRA could be used in addition to INC grading when choosing musculoskeletal characteristics of dogs suitable for breeding.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breed-typical front limb angular deformity is associated with clinical findings in three chondrodysplastic dog breeds

Lappalainen

Pulkkinen²,

Mölsä³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4,5 The deformity is more common and complex in chondrodystrophic breeds than in other breeds. 4,5,7,9 Rotational deformities cause the carpal and elbow joints to be malaligned in different planes, rendering carpal valgus measurement from orthogonal radiographs problematic. Thus, the standard lateral and craniocaudal radiographic views do not allow accurate measurement of the valgus angle in chondrodystrophic limbs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 5 The deformity is more common and complex in chondrodystrophic breeds than in other breeds. 4 5 7 9…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracic Limb Angular Deformity in Chondrodystrophic Dogs: Repeatability of Goniometric Measurement of External Rotation and Carpal Valgus

Pulkkinen

Lappalainen

Junnila³

et al. 2022

VCOT Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective We aimed to provide repeatable methods for quantifying antebrachial valgus and rotation in dogs with and without complex angular deformities. Thus, we investigated the repeatability of two methods to measure carpal valgus and one method to measure external rotation of the thoracic limb in a standing position. Study Design This was a prospective observer agreement study with a sample of 18 non-chondrodystrophic dogs as baseline and 43 chondrodystrophic dogs. The rotation measurements (ROT), modified valgus measurements (VALG-M), and established carpal valgus measurements (VALG) were done independently by two investigators. Repeatability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The measured mean (± standard deviation) angles of ROT, VALG-M, and VALG for non-chondrodystrophic dogs were 14 degrees (± 5 degrees), 9 degrees (± 4 degrees), and 4 degrees (± 3 degrees) and 30 degrees (± 13 degrees) and 23 degrees (± 11 degrees) for ROT and VALG-M for chondrodystrophic dogs respectively. In non-chondrodystrophic dogs, ICC was low with mean errors of 1 to 6 degrees, whereas in chondrodystrophic dogs, intra- and intertester ICC was high for ROT and VALG-M with mean errors of 3 to 8 degrees. Conclusion The ROT and VALG-M methods can be used as reliable tools to objectively quantify aspects of thoracic limb alignment for research, clinical, and screening purposes in both non-chondrodystrophic and chondrodystrophic dogs. The mean values of ROT, VALG-M, and VALG can be used as references for non-chondrodystrophic dogs in the standing position.

show abstract

Assessment of normal radial joint orientation angles in nonchondrodystrophic small-breed dogs

Duncan¹,

Mielke²,

Phillips

et al. 2022

javma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE To establish reference intervals for radial joint orientation angles in the frontal and sagittal planes in small-breed dogs and to compare them to those previously reported for medium- and large-breed dogs. ANIMALS Antebrachii of 30 skeletally mature, nonchondrodystrophic small-breed dogs were evaluated radiographically. PROCEDURES Orthogonal radiographs were retrospectively assessed to determine the anatomic medial proximal radial angle, anatomic lateral distal radial angle, anatomic cranial proximal radial angle (aCrPRA), and anatomic caudal distal radial angle (aCdDRA). The frontal plane angle, θ angle, and procurvatum were also calculated. The radial joint orientation angles determined were compared to those previously reported for medium- and large-breed dogs via a 1-sample t test. RESULTS Mean and SD values for anatomic medial proximal radial angle, anatomic lateral distal radial angle, aCrPRA, and aCdDRA were 80.86 ± 2.86°, 85.60 ± 1.74°, 87.99 ± 2.79°, and 83.08 ± 3.14°, respectively. The mean and SDs for frontal plane angle, θ angle, and procurvatum were 4.75 ± 2.46°, 11.88 ± 1.76°, and 16.79 ± 4.13°, respectively. aCrPRA and aCdDRA were significantly different when compared to previously reported radial joint angles for medium- and large-breed dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Reference intervals for small-breed dog radial joint orientation angles were reported. Significant differences were identified for some joint orientation angles when compared to medium- and large-breed dogs. This small-breed reference interval reported can be utilized in planning of radial angular limb deformity corrective surgery, particularly when dogs are bilaterally affected.

show abstract

Evaluation of the Radial Procurvatum Using the Center of Rotation of Angulation Methodology in Chondrodystrophic Dogs

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Breed-typical front limb angular deformity is associated with clinical findings in three chondrodysplastic dog breeds

Breed-typical front limb angular deformity is associated with clinical findings in three chondrodysplastic dog breeds

Thoracic Limb Angular Deformity in Chondrodystrophic Dogs: Repeatability of Goniometric Measurement of External Rotation and Carpal Valgus

Assessment of normal radial joint orientation angles in nonchondrodystrophic small-breed dogs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About