Evaluation of the Quality of Commercial Antibacterial Discs Available in Nigeria

Eze, Peter M.; Ajaegbu, Eze E.; Ejikeugwu, P. C.; Egbuna, R. N.; Abba, Chika; Esimone, Charles Okechukwu

doi:10.9734/bjpr/2014/10900

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Some strains in C1 and C3 did not show phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials that they harbored resistance genes for, that is, erythromycin and tetracycline. This is an increasing observation in genomic studies and could be due to various factors including the concentration and quality of the antimicrobial disks (Eze et al, 2014) or intrinsic factors inhibiting the expression of the resistance genes (Weill et al, 2017). This has also been associated with random mutations, which could be accumulated…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Based Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in the Aquatic Environment and Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) of Lake Victoria, Tanzania

et al. 2020

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Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria constitute an emerging global health issue with food products being vehicles of transmission and the aquatic environments serving as potential reservoirs. This study aimed to characterize ESBLproducing Escherichia coli in Nile perch and water from Lake Victoria in Tanzania. A total of 180 samples of Nile perch and 60 water samples were screened for ESBL-producing E. coli on MacConkey agar supplemented with 2 µg/ml of cefotaxime and confirmed by bla CTX−M and bla TEM PCR. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method, and the ESBL-producing isolates were whole genome sequencing (WGS). ESBL-producing E. coli were detected in eight of the 180 analyzed Nile perch samples, and only one water sample was positive (1.7%, n = 60). Isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (100%), ampicillin/cloxacillin (100%), erythromycin 72.7% (8/11), tetracycline 90.9% (10/11), and nalidixic acid 63.6% (7/11). This mostly corroborates the resistance genes that they carried for sulfonamides (sul1 and sul2), trimethoprim (dfrA and dfrB), aminoglycosides [aac(3)-IId, strA, and strB], tetracycline [tet(B) and tet(D)], and fluoroquinolones (qepA4). They harbored plasmid replicon types IncF, IncX, IncQ, and Col and carried bla CTX−M−15 and bla TEM−1B genes generally found on the same contigs as the IncF plasmid replicon. Although epidemiologically unrelated, the strains formed three separate sequence type-phylogroup-serotypespecific clusters: C1, C2, and C3. Cluster C1 included five strains (3 to 13 SNPs) belonging to ST167, phylogroup A, and serotype O9:H21; the two C2 strains (11 SNPs) belong to ST156, phylogroup B1, and serotype ONT:H28; and C3 was made up of four strains (SNPs ranged from 4 to 17) of ST636, phylogroup B2, and serotype O45:H7. The common virulence gene gad was reported in all strains. In addition, strains in C2 and C3 possessed iss, lpfA, and nfaE virulence genes, and the vat gene was found only in C3. The present study reports the occurrence of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org February 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 108 Baniga et al.Genomics of ESBL-E. coli in Lake Victoria E. coli carrying plasmid-mediated ESBL genes in offshore water and Nile perch in Lake Victoria. Strains formed three clonal clusters of unknown origin. This study reveals that the Lake may serve as reservoir for ESBL-producing bacteria that can be transmitted by fish as a food chain hazard of One-Health concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Based Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in the Aquatic Environment and Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) of Lake Victoria, Tanzania

et al. 2020

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“…A study from 2008, comparing three manufacturers, also highlighted the issues with variation of results [9]. A study from Nigeria demonstrated poor performance and variation in antibiotic content of locally manufactured disks as against imported disks [10]. Hence, it can be argued that there is a need to establish a reference laboratory for guiding practicing microbiologists in the country regarding the quality of commercially available supplies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) Practices in India: Need for a National AST Forum

Borde¹,

Dass²,

Sharma³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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BackgroundAccurate interpretation of antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is one of the most crucial functions of the microbiology laboratory. However, its performance depends on a number of critical factors. We conducted a status survey to understand the existing practices in Indian laboratories that have a potential to influence performance of AST. MethodWe developed a 22-point online survey questionnaire on information about respondent's specifications, use of AST consumables, existing quality control protocols, and matters of contention in AST practices, and sent it by Google forms to 362 clinical microbiologists (holding MD or DNB certification). Participation was voluntary. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. ResultsAmong 362, a total of 103 returned the questionnaire. The first 100 responses that were complete (all 22 questions answered) were analyzed. Respondents were from medical colleges (61%), private hospitals (26%), and stand-alone laboratories (13%). Analysis revealed that the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines were followed by all. Overall, 54% used disc diffusion as the primary method for performing AST. For the internal quality control testing of media and AST, 24% and 16% had adequate testing components and frequency, respectively. For performing AST of colistin, broth microdilution was used by 19%. Also, 86% participated in external quality control programs, and 54% respondents were dissatisfied or unsure about the development of competencies in AST methodology during their postgraduate training. ConclusionThis survey reveals that potential gaps exist in the performance parameters and internal quality control of AST. There is an urgent need for harmonization in AST performance and postgraduate training in clinical microbiology in India.

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Evaluation of the Quality of Commercial Antibacterial Discs Available in Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Genome-Based Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in the Aquatic Environment and Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) of Lake Victoria, Tanzania

Genome-Based Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in the Aquatic Environment and Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) of Lake Victoria, Tanzania

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) Practices in India: Need for a National AST Forum

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