Evaluation of the pulmonary effects of short-term nose-only cigarette smoke exposure in mice

Abstract

Much is known about the chronic effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on lung function and inflammation and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms related to the short-term exposure to CS are not fully understood. Here, we assessed the effect of CS generated by nine consecutive cigarettes per day for four days in a nose-only exposure system on airway resistance measured using forced oscillation technique, lung inflammation and oxidative stress in BALB/c mice. Control mice were exposed to air. Mice exposed to CS showed a significant increase of neutrophils and lymphocytes numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The total protein and endothelin levels in BAL fluid were significantly augmented suggesting an increase of alveolar-capillary barrier permeability. Similarly, airway resistance was significantly increased in the CS group compared with controls. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels in lung tissue were significantly increased. The antioxidant activities of reduced glutathione, glutathione S transferase and superoxide dismutase were all significantly increased following CS exposure, indicating that CS could trigger adaptive responses that counterbalance the potentially damaging activity of oxygen radicals induced by CS exposure. In conclusion, our data indicate that short-term nose-only exposure to CS causes lung inflammation and increase of airway resistance mediated at least partly through the oxidative stress.

Nose-only water-pipe smoking effects on airway resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in mice

“…Our data show that WPS exposure causes a significant increase in LPO in lung tissue. Our results are in line with experimental (27) and clinical (21) studies that reported that CS exposure increase LPO levels. Unexpectedly, Hakim et al (12) found a decrease in 8-isoprostane levels after WPS in healthy volunteers.…”

“…An increase of GPx and SOD has been reported following 7-day exposure to WPS in mice (15). We have also recently demonstrated that short-term (4 days) exposure to CS causes an increase of antioxidant enzymes including GSH, GST, and SOD (27). However, in the present study, the decrease of GSH and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes observed in 1-mo post WPS exposure suggests an increase in oxidative stress and possible depletion of antioxidant enzymes caused by a longer exposure period of time to WPS.…”

Nose-only water-pipe smoking effects on airway resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in mice

“…Our data show that WPS exposure causes a significant increase in LPO in lung tissue. Our results are in line with experimental (27) and clinical (21) studies that reported that CS exposure increase LPO levels. Unexpectedly, Hakim et al (12) found a decrease in 8-isoprostane levels after WPS in healthy volunteers.…”

“…An increase of GPx and SOD has been reported following 7-day exposure to WPS in mice (15). We have also recently demonstrated that short-term (4 days) exposure to CS causes an increase of antioxidant enzymes including GSH, GST, and SOD (27). However, in the present study, the decrease of GSH and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes observed in 1-mo post WPS exposure suggests an increase in oxidative stress and possible depletion of antioxidant enzymes caused by a longer exposure period of time to WPS.…”

Early pulmonary events of nose-only water pipe (shisha) smoking exposure in mice

“…We have reported similar observation in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (4 days, nine cigarettes/day; Nemmar et al. ). Endothelin has been reported to cause neutrophils recruitment in the lung and the pharmacological blockage of this inflammatory mediator has been shown to mitigate lipopolysaccharide and CS‐induced lung inflammation (Bhavsar et al.…”

Effects of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Acute Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation Model

“…The CS exposure system in the present study was used to determine the adverse health effects of short-term CS exposure in the lung of mice. Previous studies have reported that mice exposed to CS for 4 days showed acute lung inflammation (Nemmar et al, 2012). In the present study, mice were exposed to mainstream CS for 3 days through a whole-body exposure chamber.…”

Nose-only water-pipe smoking effects on airway resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in mice

“…Our data show that WPS exposure causes a significant increase in LPO in lung tissue. Our results are in line with experimental (27) and clinical (21) studies that reported that CS exposure increase LPO levels. Unexpectedly, Hakim et al (12) found a decrease in 8-isoprostane levels after WPS in healthy volunteers.…”

“…An increase of GPx and SOD has been reported following 7-day exposure to WPS in mice (15). We have also recently demonstrated that short-term (4 days) exposure to CS causes an increase of antioxidant enzymes including GSH, GST, and SOD (27). However, in the present study, the decrease of GSH and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes observed in 1-mo post WPS exposure suggests an increase in oxidative stress and possible depletion of antioxidant enzymes caused by a longer exposure period of time to WPS.…”

Early pulmonary events of nose-only water pipe (shisha) smoking exposure in mice

“…We have reported similar observation in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (4 days, nine cigarettes/day; Nemmar et al. ). Endothelin has been reported to cause neutrophils recruitment in the lung and the pharmacological blockage of this inflammatory mediator has been shown to mitigate lipopolysaccharide and CS‐induced lung inflammation (Bhavsar et al.…”

Effects of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Acute Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation Model

“…The CS exposure system in the present study was used to determine the adverse health effects of short-term CS exposure in the lung of mice. Previous studies have reported that mice exposed to CS for 4 days showed acute lung inflammation (Nemmar et al, 2012). In the present study, mice were exposed to mainstream CS for 3 days through a whole-body exposure chamber.…”

Nose-only water-pipe smoking effects on airway resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in mice

“…Our data show that WPS exposure causes a significant increase in LPO in lung tissue. Our results are in line with experimental (27) and clinical (21) studies that reported that CS exposure increase LPO levels. Unexpectedly, Hakim et al (12) found a decrease in 8-isoprostane levels after WPS in healthy volunteers.…”

“…An increase of GPx and SOD has been reported following 7-day exposure to WPS in mice (15). We have also recently demonstrated that short-term (4 days) exposure to CS causes an increase of antioxidant enzymes including GSH, GST, and SOD (27). However, in the present study, the decrease of GSH and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes observed in 1-mo post WPS exposure suggests an increase in oxidative stress and possible depletion of antioxidant enzymes caused by a longer exposure period of time to WPS.…”

Early pulmonary events of nose-only water pipe (shisha) smoking exposure in mice

“…We have reported similar observation in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (4 days, nine cigarettes/day; Nemmar et al. ). Endothelin has been reported to cause neutrophils recruitment in the lung and the pharmacological blockage of this inflammatory mediator has been shown to mitigate lipopolysaccharide and CS‐induced lung inflammation (Bhavsar et al.…”

Effects of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Acute Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation Model

“…The CS exposure system in the present study was used to determine the adverse health effects of short-term CS exposure in the lung of mice. Previous studies have reported that mice exposed to CS for 4 days showed acute lung inflammation (Nemmar et al, 2012). In the present study, mice were exposed to mainstream CS for 3 days through a whole-body exposure chamber.…”