Evaluation of the pull‐out test to determine the residual prestressing in concrete bridges.
Paola Pannuzzo,
Michele Titton,
Matteo Furlan
et al.
Abstract:In the context of existing post‐tensioned concrete bridges, a reliable assessment of load carrying capacity is still a challenging issue. The effective concrete compressive strength is related to the degradation process of post‐tensioned cables which cannot be detected by visual inspection only. Currently, in‐situ test methods combined with destructive techniques have been used as common methodology to assess either the concrete compressive strength and post‐tension cables losses. Yet, in‐situ tests are indire… Show more
“…Consequently, it is necessary to establish a distinct empirical relationship for each particular concrete and testing apparatus. Figure 3 Failure sequence of pull-out tests (after Pannuzzo et al 9 ). …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The assessment may be performed on a pre-existing structure located in any easily accessible location. The technique involved the execution of several steps 2,5,9,21 , the drilling of a 35 mm core to a depth of 28 mm, the utilization of a pullbolt, and the preparation of planed surfaces. The completion of this task required the involvement of three skilled individuals and a significant amount of time.…”
Section: Capo-test Mechanismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One of these methods acceptable to many researchers 1 – 5 , is pullout testing of concrete, which can be broken down into two main types: the LOK-TEST, which employs a disc inserted into newly mixed concrete, and the CAPO-Test, which employs an enlarged ring placed in an undercut recess in the hardened concrete 4 , 6 . The CAPO-Test method is often referred to as a Non-Destructive Test (NDT) in various situations due to its ability to cause minimum damage to the concrete surface without affecting its structural integrity 7 – 9 .…”
This study presents the findings of an extensive investigation to evaluate the precision and reliability of a non-destructive CAPO-Test in estimating the in situ compressive strength of concrete made from machine-crushed brick aggregates. To estimate the compressive strength of concrete built from brick and stone aggregates for several target strengths at various ages, the CAPO-Test, core test, and standard cylinder test were used. The results of the core test and cylinder test are correlated with the CAPO pullout force, demonstrating a strong relationship between pullout force and compressive strength. The results suggest that the CAPO-Test displays estimated strengths ranging from 5 to 17% of the cylinder strength and 0–6% of the core strength for concrete containing brick chips. The study validates the CAPO-Test's reliability in conducting in-situ concrete strength assessments.
“…Consequently, it is necessary to establish a distinct empirical relationship for each particular concrete and testing apparatus. Figure 3 Failure sequence of pull-out tests (after Pannuzzo et al 9 ). …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The assessment may be performed on a pre-existing structure located in any easily accessible location. The technique involved the execution of several steps 2,5,9,21 , the drilling of a 35 mm core to a depth of 28 mm, the utilization of a pullbolt, and the preparation of planed surfaces. The completion of this task required the involvement of three skilled individuals and a significant amount of time.…”
Section: Capo-test Mechanismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One of these methods acceptable to many researchers 1 – 5 , is pullout testing of concrete, which can be broken down into two main types: the LOK-TEST, which employs a disc inserted into newly mixed concrete, and the CAPO-Test, which employs an enlarged ring placed in an undercut recess in the hardened concrete 4 , 6 . The CAPO-Test method is often referred to as a Non-Destructive Test (NDT) in various situations due to its ability to cause minimum damage to the concrete surface without affecting its structural integrity 7 – 9 .…”
This study presents the findings of an extensive investigation to evaluate the precision and reliability of a non-destructive CAPO-Test in estimating the in situ compressive strength of concrete made from machine-crushed brick aggregates. To estimate the compressive strength of concrete built from brick and stone aggregates for several target strengths at various ages, the CAPO-Test, core test, and standard cylinder test were used. The results of the core test and cylinder test are correlated with the CAPO pullout force, demonstrating a strong relationship between pullout force and compressive strength. The results suggest that the CAPO-Test displays estimated strengths ranging from 5 to 17% of the cylinder strength and 0–6% of the core strength for concrete containing brick chips. The study validates the CAPO-Test's reliability in conducting in-situ concrete strength assessments.
“…A number of researchers (Krenchel and Petersen, 1984;Nasser and Al-Manaseer, 1987;Moczko et al 2016;Brencich 2015 andPannuzzo et al 2023) have established an empirical relationship between the CAPO test and the compressive strength of concrete specimens, including cylinders, cubes, or cores, composed of stone chips. Since no correlation has been established using the CAPO test to assess the strength of concrete composed of brick chis, this study demonstrates the deviation from the manufacturer's correlation when brick chips are used as coarse aggregate in concrete as well as suggests an empirical relationship of CAPO pull-out force with the compressive strength of concrete core.…”
The CAPO-TEST, also known as the pull-out test, is gaining popularity as a method for estimating the compressive strength of existing concrete structures due to its reliability, less structural damage compared to core collection, and quick in-place strength. The manufacturer of the pull-out machine has provided a general correlation for assessing the in-place concrete strength of stone chip-based concrete. Many of the concrete buildings in Bangladesh are made of brick chip-based concrete. In a few projects in Bangladesh, the CAPO test has been used to assess the concrete strength of existing structures. However, the reliability of this test for concrete made of brick chips has yet to be investigated. Twenty columns from five distinct structures, which varied in age from ten to forty-five years at the time of testing, underwent the CAPO and core tests for this study. Based on the fundamental findings of this investigation, a general correlation has been established regarding concrete composed of brick chips. Since no correlation has been established using the CAPO test to assess the strength of concrete composed of brick chis, this study suggested a general correlation between pull-out force and concrete core strength.
“…One of these methods acceptable to many researchers 1,2,3,4,5 , is pullout testing of concrete, which can be broken down into two main types: the LOK-TEST, which employs a disc inserted into newly mixed concrete, and the CAPO-TEST, which employs an enlarged ring placed in an undercut recess in the hardened concrete 4,6 . The CAPO test method is often referred to as a Non-Destructive Test (NDT) in various situations due to its ability to cause minimum damage to the concrete surface without affecting its structural integrity 7,8,9 .…”
This study presents the findings of an extensive investigation to evaluate the precision and reliability of a non-destructive CAPO test in estimating the in situ compressive strength of concrete made from machine-crushed brick aggregates. To estimate the compressive strength of concrete built from brick and stone aggregates for several target strengths at various ages, the CAPO test, core test, and standard cylinder test were used. The results of the core test and cylinder test are correlated with the CAPO pullout force, demonstrating a strong relationship between pullout force and compressive strength. The results suggest that the CAPO test displays estimated strengths ranging from 5–17% of the cylinder strength and 0–6% of the core strength for concrete containing brick chips. The study validates the CAPO test's reliability in conducting in-situ concrete strength assessments.
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