Evaluation of the protective efficacy of Olyset®Plus ceiling net on reducing malaria prevalence in children in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Kagaya, Wataru; Chan, Chim W.; Kongere, James; Kanoi, Bernard N.; Ngara, Mtakai; Omondi, Protus; Osborne, Ashley; Barbieri, Laura; Kc, Achyut; Minakawa, Noboru; Gitaka, Jesse; Kaneko, Akira

doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07372-3

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For example, the main advantage of house modification is that once installed, it remains semi-permanent. Therefore, its effect is less susceptible to variations in human behavior 67 , such as repurposing and inconsistent uses of LLINs 68 . Incorporating such behaviors into the model and estimating the indirect effects on those who do not receive the intervention will have important implications for the widespread implementation of the intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the “indirect effects” of interventions against malaria endemicity: A systematic scoping review

Ko,

Kagaya,

Chan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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There is an urgent need to maximize the effectiveness of existing malaria interventions and optimize the deployment of novel countermeasures. When assessing the effects of interventions against malaria, it is imperative to consider the interdependence of people and the resulting indirect effects, without which the impact on health outcomes and their cost-effectiveness may be miscalculated. Here, we conducted a scoping review of existing literature on the indirect effects of malaria interventions. We observed a recent increase in both the number of reports and the variety of terms used to denote indirect effects. We further classified eight categories of comparative analysis to identify the indirect effects, proposed common terms for the indirect effects, and highlighted the potential benefits of mathematical models in estimating indirect effects. Improving the study design and reporting the indirect effects of malaria interventions will lead to better informed decisions by policymakers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the “indirect effects” of interventions against malaria endemicity: A systematic scoping review

Ko,

Kagaya,

Chan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The cost of the ceiling nets and their installation will be covered by the research team. Details of the installation procedure are described in the previous study protocol [9]. Briefly, the ceiling net is a rectangular sheet of Olyset®Plus net with loops sewn along the diagonal seams.…”

Section: Intervention Description {11a}mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No interim analysis is planned because neither the insecticide permethrin nor the synergist PBO as formulated in Olyset®Plus LLINs are known to pose significant health and safety risks [9,23].…”

Section: Interim Analyses {21b}mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of Olyset®Plus ceiling nets on malaria morbidity and transmission in the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya. Preliminary data from our previous study on Mfangano Island in Lake Victoria [9] suggest a substantial reduction in malaria prevalence among school children and high community acceptance of this tool (unpublished data). With this proposed second trial, we aim to evaluate the impact of this tool in a different eco-epidemiological setting with relatively higher malaria transmission, more frequent human and vector movement, and synergistic impact from other interventions such as indoor residual spraying (IRS) and the RTS,S malaria vaccine.…”

Section: Introduction Background and Rationale {6a}mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Recently, we have proposed a novel vector control tool that covers the ceiling and the gap between the ceiling and the walls of residential structures with co-formulated pyrethroid and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) bed net material, called the Olyset®Plus ceiling net. The benefit of installing the Olyset®Plus ceiling net in addition to conventional LLINs is detailed elsewhere [9]. Briefly, the Olyset®Plus ceiling net provides a combination of physical and chemical protection against mosquitoes which seek human bloodmeal in the house.…”

Section: Introduction Background and Rationale {6a}mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the protective efficacy of Olyset®Plus ceiling nets for reduction of malaria incidence in children in Homa Bay County, Kenya: a cluster-randomized controlled study protocol

Ko,

Kagaya,

Omondi

et al. 2024

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Introduction: Malaria is still a major health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, where 98% of global malaria mortality occurs. In addition, the spread of Plasmodium falciparum with partial artemisinin resistance in East Africa and beyond is a great concern. The establishment of more effective vector control, in addition to the current long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) distribution program, is an urgent task in these areas. One novel vector control candidate is the OlysetPlus ceiling nets which can overcome the problems of variations in net use behaviors and metabolic resistance to insecticide in vectors. Our preliminary study suggests the protective efficacy and high acceptability of this tool. With this proposed second trial, we aim to evaluate the impact of this tool in a different eco-epidemiological setting in the lake endemic region of Kenya. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial is designed to evaluate the impact of OlysetPlus ceiling nets in Ndhiwa Sub-County, Homa Bay County, Kenya. A total of 44 clusters will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention group (OlysetPlus ceiling nets) and the control group. The assignment will be accomplished through covariate-constrained randomization of clusters. For the primary outcome of clinical malaria incidence, 38 children from each cluster will be enrolled in a cohort and followed for 18 months. We will also evaluate the effects of the intervention on entomological indicators as well as its acceptance by communities and cost-effectiveness. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval was provided by the Mount Kenya University Institutional Scientific Ethics Review Committee. Study results will be shared with study participants and communities, the Homa Bay County Government and the Kenya National Malaria Control Programme. Results will also be disseminated through publications, conferences and workshops to help the development of novel malaria control strategies in other malaria-endemic countries. Trial registration: UMIN000053873

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Innovative house structures for malaria vector control in Nampula district, Mozambique: assessing mosquito entry prevention, indoor comfort, and community acceptance

Francisco,

Watanabe

2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundInsecticide-treated mosquito bed nets and indoor residual spraying are widely used for malaria vector control. However, their effectiveness can be affected by household members’ habits, requiring alternative approaches toward malaria vector control.ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of modified houses in preventing mosquito entry; to assess the impact of house modifications on indoor air conditions and evaluate the acceptability of modified houses in the community where the study was conducted.MethodsFive traditional and five modified houses were constructed in Nampula district, Mozambique and underwent a 90-day overnight indoor mosquito collection using Centers for Disease Control and nitride ultraviolet light traps during the rainy season. Mosquitoes were identified morphologically. Indoor temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide levels and wind speed were also collected. The Student’s t-test was used to compare the means of the number of mosquitos and environmental factors between both house types. A binomial form of the Generalized Linear Model identified the factors associated with the community volunteer’s preference for house type.ResultsModified houses reduced the number of Anopheles by an average of 14.97 mosquitos (95% CI, 11.38–18.56, p < 0.000) and non-Anopheles by 16.66 mosquitoes (95% CI, 8.23–25.09, p < 0.000). Although fewer mosquitoes were trapped in modified houses compared to traditional ones, the modifications were more effective against Anopheles (94% reduction) than for non-Anopheles (71% reduction). The average temperature increased at 0.25°C in modified houses but was not statistically significant (95% CI, −0.62 to 0.12, p = 0.181). Community volunteers preferred modified houses due to reduced mosquito buzzing. The efficacy of modified houses including its acceptability by community, highlight its potential to lower malaria risk. Effective integration of modified houses into the vector control strategy will require raising awareness among communities about malaria risks associated with house structure and training them to modify their houses.

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Evaluation of the protective efficacy of Olyset®Plus ceiling net on reducing malaria prevalence in children in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Unraveling the “indirect effects” of interventions against malaria endemicity: A systematic scoping review

Unraveling the “indirect effects” of interventions against malaria endemicity: A systematic scoping review

Evaluation of the protective efficacy of Olyset®Plus ceiling nets for reduction of malaria incidence in children in Homa Bay County, Kenya: a cluster-randomized controlled study protocol

Innovative house structures for malaria vector control in Nampula district, Mozambique: assessing mosquito entry prevention, indoor comfort, and community acceptance

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