Evaluation of the protective effect on enamel demineralization of CPP‐ACP paste and ROCS by vibrational spectroscopy and SAXS: An in vitro study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate human dental enamel surfaces using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques concerning differences between the demineralized enamel surface and remineralized enamel surface by casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate, Tooth mousse ® (CPP-ACP) and remineralizing oral care systems (ROCS ® ) agents within the same tooth.For this purpose, 20 freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors without caries and defects were used. Labial surfaces of each of the teeth were divided into four sections, which were marked as follows: Group 1, normal enamel; Group 2, demineralized enamel with demineralization solution; Group 3, demineralized enamel + remineralization agent (ROCS for 10 teeth, CPP-ACP for 10 teeth); and Group 4, remineralization agent (ROCS for 10 teeth, CPP-ACP for 10 teeth). To describe the changes in tooth enamel, the phosphate group concentration within enamel was used as an indicator of the degree of mineralization. The phosphate and carbonate bands in the FTIR and Raman spectra were used to investigate the structural changes in the demineralized and remineralized enamel. Spectroscopic data were statistically analyzed in terms of CPP-ACP and ROCS using one-way analysis of variance. The carbonate content of demineralized enamel was higher than the carbonate content in the other groups (p < .03). The apatite carbonate-phosphate balance in the samples with only remineralizing agent-especially ROCS appliedchanged significantly (p < .05) compared to the normal group. The average FTIR spectra of the groups were subjected to multivariate hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) conducted with the use of the OPUS 5.5 software. Nanosized surface morphologies of the samples were compared using pair distance distributions obtained through SAXS analyses. According to the SAXS analyses, applications of CCP + ACP and ROCS agents were effective on nanostructures for all groups.

Standart Ve Hi̇poalerjeni̇k Bebek Sütü Formülleri̇ni̇n Atr-Ftir Spektroskopi̇si̇ Ve Çok Değişkenli̇ Anali̇z Yöntemleri̇yle İncelenmesi̇

“…The area values under the spectral bands are proportional to the concentration of the respective molecules /the functional groups in the samples. Information about the relative concentration of the respective molecules in the samples can be obtained by the band area/band intensity analysis (Bayarı et al, 2020;Akgun et al, 2021;Yonar et al, 2022). The infrared integrated band area ratios to evaluate spectroscopic data and their suggestions are listed in Table 1.…”

Effect of an experimental chitosan/casein gel on demineralized enamel under a cariogenic challenge

“…After 21 days, the specimens were kept in the RE for 24 h, completing the experimental period in 22 days. 17 After that, the specimens were analyzed using a confocal laser scanning microscope to obtain images of the enamel surface.…”

“…However, interesting results have been obtained using arginine, xylitol gums, self-assembling peptides, enamel matrix proteins, crystalline calcium phosphates, polyphosphate systems, unstable calcium phosphates, and stable calcium phosphates, such as casein derivatives. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Preventive therapies have been refined to curb demineralization, favor remineralization, and, therefore, halt lesions of active caries. 12 An example of one such preventive therapy is casein, a milk-derived phosphoprotein, which has shown a beneficial effect in preventing and inhibiting the onset of the disease.…”

Vibrational Imaging Techniques for the Characterization of Hard Dental Tissues: From Bench-Top to Chair-Side

“…In Figure 1, the main IR and Raman bands representative of enamel, dentin, and cementum in sound teeth are reported. Regarding enamel, the main Raman bands are assigned to phosphates (PO 4 3− , 960 cm −1 ), and A-(CO 3 2− , 1102 cm −1 ) and B-type (CO 3 2− , 1070 cm −1 ) carbonate groups in HA [61], with the latter representing the ν 1 symmetric stretching mode of CO 3 2− ions replacing PO 4 3− in the apatite lattice [62]. Carbonate substitution affects HA in terms of solubility and reactivity [63].…”