Evaluation of the Protection Conferred by a Disinfectant Against Clinical Disease Caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum Serovars A, B, and C from Argentina

Abstract

This work evaluates the efficiency of the administration of the disinfectant N-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (TIMSEN) in the prevention of the horizontal transmission of serovars A, B, and C of Avibacterium paragallinarum, the causative agent of avian infectious coryza. This disinfectant was administered in drinking water (50 ppm) and once or twice per day by coarse spray (800 ppm, 8 ml per m3 during 3 seconds). In three trials conducted with vaccinated birds, the disinfectant reduced the clinical signs of infectious coryza significantly (P < 0.05). There was no significant effect when the product was used in a fourth trial with unvaccinated birds. Furthermore, the application of only one daily environmental spraying was sufficient to significantly reduce clinical signs. According to these results, in order to diminish the clinical signs of infectious coryza in birds vaccinated against A. paragallinarum, it is recommended to administer this disinfectant in drinking water and by environmental spraying.

Pathogenicity of Avibacterium paragallinarum Strains from Peru and the Selection of Candidate Strains for an Inactivated Vaccine

“…Later, inoculation studies were performed comparing their capacity to cause clinical signs (Trials 1 and 2) and to spread to non-infected birds (Trial 2). The use of clinical signs score for pathogenicity studies was used by other authors, although criteria may vary, it is a good way to describe the course of infection and its severity [ 14 , 44 , 57 , 58 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. The results of clinical signs scores, bacteriology, and deaths from Trials 1, 2, and 3 are available in Table 1 and in Supplementary Tables S2–S5 .…”

“…Additionally, strains Q14–Q17 were serotyped using antiserum raised against Argentinean Av. paragallinarum strains H23 (serogroup A), H8 (serogroup B), and H32 (serogroup C), as it was not possible to determine their serogroup using the international reference antiserums and were regarded as variants of serogroup B (Bvar) [ 5 , 44 , 50 ]. Strain Q7 showed similar inhibition of the haemagglutination using antisera of serogroups A and B, both of the international reference strains as well as the Argentinean strains, and was classified as serogroup A/B.…”

“…paragallinarum is likely to develop resistance [ 1 , 42 , 43 ]. Alternative to antibiotics, a significant reduction of clinical signs was reported by using disinfectants in drinking water and spraying only in vaccinated birds [ 44 , 45 ] but this will not eliminate the presence of Av. paragallinarum .…”

Fowl Typhoid: Assessment of a Disinfectant Oral Dose to Reduce Horizontal Spread and Mortality

“…Culture media were incubated aerobically at 37 C. To ensure absence of Salmonella spp. in feed (7,12), cultures were performed in nonselective enrichment lactose broth, followed by subcultures in selective enrichment in tetrationate broth and thereafter onto Xylose-Lysine-Desoxycholate-Tergitol-4 and MacConkey (MC) agar plates. Liver and fecal samples were enriched in tetrationate broth and plated onto MC agar plates.…”

“…According to the manufacturer's instructions (United Promotions Inc., Atlanta, GA), it is recommended for drinking water administration (25 ppm) and for disinfection of equipment, fertile hatching eggs (400 ppm), and incubation plants (1600 ppm). It is active in a wide pH range (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) and also in the presence of organic material. This disinfectant was successful in reducing the numbers of bacteria in broiler carcasses (18) and in preventing horizontal transmission of Avibacterium paragallinarum, the agent of infectious coryza (7).…”