Evaluation of the Properties of Particleboard Made Using Oil Palm Starch Modified with Epichlorohydrin

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the physical properties, including density, moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption, in addition to the mechanical properties such as modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond strength of experimental panels that were made from rubberwood particles using oil palm starch modified with epichlorohydrin as a binder. The samples were also examined using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The panel properties were compared with the properties of panels manufactured using native oil palm starch. The properties of starch and starch adhesives were also investigated. The panels were produced based on 0.60 g/cm 3 and 0.80 g/cm 3 target densities and two press times of 15 and 20 min. The results showed that the 0.80 g/cm 3 panels manufactured using modified oil palm starch and with 15 min of press time had better properties than did the others. However, a lower thickness swelling value was found for panels with density 0.60 g/cm 3 and with 15 min of press time. Based on the results in this study, it can be concluded that the use of oil palm starch modified with epichlorohydrin as a binder has the potential to be used as a green adhesive in commercial applications.

Evaluation of Irvingia kernels extract as biobased wood adhesive

“…Panels produced with Bondtite 345, which is a commercial adhesive had the highest shear strength of 4.64 MPa while epichlorohydrin modified IW (IWE) had the highest shear strength of 4.05 MPa among the modified samples for both species. This could be due to reinforcing of Irvingia starch granules through crosslinking reaction with epichlorohydrin [24]. According to the results obtained, panels made with Bondtite 345 were not significantly different from the panels produced with epichlorohydrin modified Irvingia adhesives (IWE and IGE), but were significantly different from other samples.…”

Environmentally Friendly Wood Composite Fabricated From Rubberwood Using Citric Acid Esterified Oil Palm Starch

“…With regard to internal bonding strength, the CAMOPS wood composite shows a significantly higher value than that of its most similar competitor, which is the epichlorohydrin modified oil palm starch wood composite, with a difference of 0.34 Nmm -2 . 8 The addition of urea formaldehyde has also lowered the crystallinity of the samples, thus increasing their mechanical properties, as discussed in the X-ray diffraction analysis. Internal bonding test also showed a similar trend, where the addition of urea formaldehyde increased the internal bonding strength of the wood composites.…”

“…Alternatively, studies have been conducted on using starch as a green adhesive for wood composites. As examples, epichlorohydrin modified oil palm starch, 8 citric acid modified pea starch, 9 epichlorohydrin modified rice starch, 10 corn starch-tannin combination 11 and glutardialdehyde modified corn starch 12 are among the binders that have been extensively used to formulate wood composites. Despite its ability as a green binder, starch is also consumed as a staple food and is widely used as a food ingredient.…”

Study on Dimensional Stability of Particleboard Made Using Glutardialdehyde Modified Corn Starch as the Binder at Various Relative Humidity

“…Fifteen percent modified corn starch was manually mixed with rubberwood particles before they were processed in a computer control press using a pressure of 5 MPa at a temperature of 165˚C for 20 min. Panels were conditioned in a climate chamber with a temperature of 20˚C and a relative humidity of 65% for 2 weeks [8].…”

“…Thus, reduction of the formaldehyde based adhesives is needed by replacing it with other formaldehyde free adhesives. One of the alternative is starch based adhesive [4]. However, starch have high affinity towards moisture.…”