Evaluation of the Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis in Vanuatu Following Two Years of Mass Drug Administration Implementation: Results and Methodologic Approach

Fraser, Margaret; Taleo, George; Taleo, Fasihah; Yaviong, James; Amos, Morris; Babu, Mark; Kalkoa, Morris

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2005.73.753

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, in India after six rounds of MDA, the coverage was only 54 -75% of the eligible population, 9 and in Vanuatu the MDA coverage after two years was 72%. 10 Reported MDA coverage rates were around 45% in Ghana and Kenya. 11 Males reported higher MDA compliance than females in our study, and this finding is consistent with results reported from Haiti, where compliance was 77.7% in males and 54% in females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Practice Related to Compliance with Mass Drug Administration during the Egyptian National Filariasis Elimination Program

Elaziz¹,

Bradley²,

Ramzy³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Lymphatic filariasis (LF) has been targeted for global elimination by 2020. The primary tool for the program is mass drug administration (MDA) with antifilarial medications to reduce the source of microfilariae required for mosquito transmission of the parasite. This strategy requires high MDA compliance rates. Egypt initiated a national filariasis elimination program in 2000 that targeted approximately 2.7 million persons in 181 disease-endemic localities. This study assessed factors associated with MDA compliance in year three of the Egyptian LF elimination program. 2,859 subjects were interviewed in six villages. The surveyed compliance rate for MDA in these villages was 85.3% (95% confidence interval = 83.9-86.5%). Compliance with MDA was positively associated with LF knowledge scores, male sex, and older age. Adverse events reported by 18.4% of participants were mild and more common in females. This study has provided new information on factors associated with MDA compliance during Egypt's successful LF elimination program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Practice Related to Compliance with Mass Drug Administration during the Egyptian National Filariasis Elimination Program

Elaziz¹,

Bradley²,

Ramzy³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Sentinel site B surveys were started in eight villages in 2002 [12]. Spot-check site surveys were also initiated in several villages and hospitals between 2002 and 2004 during the MDA period [4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance efforts after mass drug administration to validate elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Vanuatu

Taleo

Graves

et al. 2017

Trop Med Health

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BackgroundVanuatu was formerly highly endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF), caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. After a baseline survey showing 4.8% antigen prevalence in 1998, the country conducted nationwide (in one implementation unit) annual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole and diethylcarbamazine citrate from 2000 to 2004 and achieved prevalence of 0.2% by 2006 in a representative nationwide cluster survey among all age groups.MethodsPost MDA surveillance was conducted from 2006 to 2012. After MDA, the country was divided for surveillance into three evaluation units (EUs) formed by grouping provinces according to baseline prevalence: EU1: Torba, Sanma and Malampa; EU2: Penama; EU3: Shefa and Tafea. The study compiled all past data and information on surveys in Vanuatu from the country programme. This paper reviews the surveillance activities done after stopping MDA to validate the interruption of transmission and elimination of LF as a public health problem.ResultsPost-MDA surveillance consisting of at least three transmission assessment surveys (TAS) in each of the three EUs was conducted between 2006 and 2012. Sentinel and spot check surveys identified a few villages with persistent high prevalence; all antigen positive cases in these sites were treated and additional targeted MDA conducted for 3 years in 13 villages in one area of concern. All three EUs passed all TAS in 2007, 2010 and 2012 respectively, with no positives found except in EU2 (Penama province) in 2012 when 2 children tested positive for circulating filariasis antigen. Assessment of the burden of chronic filariasis morbidity found 95 cases in 2003 and 32 remaining cases in 2007, all aged over 60 years.ConclusionsVanuatu has achieved validation of elimination of LF as a public health problem. Post-validation surveillance is still recommended especially in formerly highly endemic areas.

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“…These sites were Sola and Mosina Village (Torba Province), Sakau and Wanur villages (Penama Province), Orap and Unmet villages (Malampa Province), and Port Resolution and South River villages (Tafea Province) [14]. In 2002, after two rounds of MDA, the B survey was conducted to evaluate whether MDA was decreasing antigen prevalence in these villages of high endemicity [14]. All individuals >10 years were invited to have an ICT blood test (except in Port Resolution where only 300 were examined).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the first published paper presenting comprehensive results of Vanuatu’s LF Control Program, building on Fraser et al’s (2005) evaluation of mid-term results [14]. This paper describes LF prevalence before MDA, results from sentinel site and spot check surveys during MDA, and LF prevalence after 5 years of MDA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Lymphatic Filariasis Control Program towards elimination of filariasis in Vanuatu, 1997–2006

et al. 2017

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BackgroundLymphatic filariasis (LF) occurs when filarial parasites are transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. The filarial worms affect the lymphatic system which leads to abnormal enlargement of body parts, chronic pain, disability, and social discrimination. In 1999, a commitment was made to eliminate LF from the Pacific Region by 2010. The Pacific Program to Eliminate LF began, with Vanuatu being one of the 16 endemic countries included in this program.MethodsIn 1997/1998 a LF prevalence baseline survey was conducted to determine the need for mass drug administration (MDA) in Vanuatu. In 1999, the Vanuatu Lymphatic Filariasis Control Program was established, and nationwide MDA was implemented from 2000 to 2004. LF prevalence was collected during the MDA through sentinel site and spot check surveys, and after 5 years of MDA. MDA implementation methods included health worker training, social mobilization, and culturally appropriate health promotion strategies.ResultsLF prevalence at baseline was 4.79%; after MDA this declined to 0.16% in 2005/2006. Average MDA coverage ranged from 75.5–81.5% across 5 years. All three evaluation units surveyed in 2005/2006 were below the 1% threshold required to stop MDA.ConclusionsThe LF Control Program between 1997 and 2006 was successful in reducing LF prevalence to <1%. High MDA coverage was a critical component of this success. This period of the Vanuatu LF Control Program played an important role in helping to eliminate LF in Vanuatu.

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Evaluation of the Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis in Vanuatu Following Two Years of Mass Drug Administration Implementation: Results and Methodologic Approach

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Knowledge and Practice Related to Compliance with Mass Drug Administration during the Egyptian National Filariasis Elimination Program

Knowledge and Practice Related to Compliance with Mass Drug Administration during the Egyptian National Filariasis Elimination Program

Surveillance efforts after mass drug administration to validate elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Vanuatu

Impact of the Lymphatic Filariasis Control Program towards elimination of filariasis in Vanuatu, 1997–2006

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