Evaluation of the Potential for Immunomodulatory and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Phytoconstituents Derived from Pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] Peel Extract Using an In Silico Approach
Abstract:Pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] has long been recognized as a source of bioactive compounds that are frequently used in health and wellness products. The benefits of pineapple, among others, include immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of phytochemical compounds in pineapple peel as immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory agents using an in silico approach. The phytochemical of the pineapple peel’s n-hexane extract was analyzed using GC-MS (gas ch… Show more
“…Researchers have long studied plant extracts for their broad spectrum of medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory [1], antibacterial [2,3], antifertility [4], termiticide, and nematicide activities [5]. Studies on plant extracts have recently gained more interest during the COVID-19 pandemic in the effort to find efficacious antiviral agents [6][7][8][9].…”
Herein, we report our success synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts from the leaves and flowers of Calotropis gigantea growing in the geothermal manifestation Ie Seu-Um, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. C. gigantea aqueous extract can be used as a bio-reductant for Ag+→Ag0 conversion, obtained by 48h incubation of Ag+, and the extract mixture in a dark condition. UV–Vis characterization showed that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks of AgNPs-leaf C. gigantea (AgNPs-LCg) and AgNPs-flower C. gigantea (AgNPs-FCg) appeared in the wavelength range of 410–460 nm. Scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) revealed the agglomeration and spherical shapes of AgNPs-LCg and AgNPs-FCg with diameters ranging from 87.85 to 256.7 nm. Zeta potentials were observed in the range of −41.8 to −25.1 mV. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay revealed AgNPs-FCg as the most potent antimicrobial agent with inhibition zones of 12.05 ± 0.58, 11.29 ± 0.45, and 9.02 ± 0.10 mm for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, respectively. In conclusion, aqueous extract from the leaves or flowers of Calotropis gigantea may be used in the green synthesis of AgNPs with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities.
“…Researchers have long studied plant extracts for their broad spectrum of medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory [1], antibacterial [2,3], antifertility [4], termiticide, and nematicide activities [5]. Studies on plant extracts have recently gained more interest during the COVID-19 pandemic in the effort to find efficacious antiviral agents [6][7][8][9].…”
Herein, we report our success synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts from the leaves and flowers of Calotropis gigantea growing in the geothermal manifestation Ie Seu-Um, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. C. gigantea aqueous extract can be used as a bio-reductant for Ag+→Ag0 conversion, obtained by 48h incubation of Ag+, and the extract mixture in a dark condition. UV–Vis characterization showed that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks of AgNPs-leaf C. gigantea (AgNPs-LCg) and AgNPs-flower C. gigantea (AgNPs-FCg) appeared in the wavelength range of 410–460 nm. Scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) revealed the agglomeration and spherical shapes of AgNPs-LCg and AgNPs-FCg with diameters ranging from 87.85 to 256.7 nm. Zeta potentials were observed in the range of −41.8 to −25.1 mV. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay revealed AgNPs-FCg as the most potent antimicrobial agent with inhibition zones of 12.05 ± 0.58, 11.29 ± 0.45, and 9.02 ± 0.10 mm for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, respectively. In conclusion, aqueous extract from the leaves or flowers of Calotropis gigantea may be used in the green synthesis of AgNPs with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities.
“…However, its efficacy was still lower than that of ciprofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic used as a positive control. The results demonstrate that (EE) has the potential to serve as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant properties (Tallei et al, 2022).…”
Bromeliaceae Juss., in several cultures for thousands of years it has been used for food, fibers, in ceremonies, medicines and ornamental plants. The phytochemical composition of the species of the family is chemodiverse, with the presence of fatty acids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, triterpenes and enzymes, exerting antibacterial, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, antileukemic, proteolytic activities, non-polar natural products and production of bioactive peptides. As a result, the family has great chemical and pharmacological potential in order to contribute to scientific knowledge and the development of new drugs.
“…The SMILES notation of each ligand functions as input for analysis using the ADMETLab 2.0 database (https://admetmesh.scbdd.com/service/evaluation/inde x) [14] and the Protox II database (https://comptox. charite.de/protox3/) [15].…”
The increased interest in exploring alternative treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus is accompanied by a rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pineapple peel is one of the by-products of pineapple fruit and is known to possess potential for anti-diabetic activity. In this study, the n-hexane extract of pineapple peel was analyzed using network pharmacology methods to ascertain its potential in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. The GC-MS analysis of the n-hexane extract of pineapple peel revealed the presence of 42 compounds, with 8 of them considered safe as they met the Lipinski Rule of Five criteria for drug-likeness and were classified as safe with toxicity levels in classes IV and V. The pineapple peel extract targeted 55 proteins related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2), potentially affecting DMT2 through the AGE-RAGE pathway in diabetes complications and insulin resistance. Network pharmacology analysis identified five genes targeted by pineapple peel, namely MAPK1, JAK2, MAPK8, PRKCD, and PPARA. Among these genes, MAPK1 exhibited a higher overall score than the others. Apart from its role in diabetes, MAPK1 is also implicated in cancer.
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