Evaluation of the possibility of using surface free energy study to design protective fabrics

Abstract

Contact angle measurements, using the dynamic contact angle and Washburn methods, were taken for 100% aramid and viscose fabrics, as well as for 50:50 aramid and viscose mixed fabrics of different structure. Based on the measurements of contact angles wetted with hexane, water and formamide, the fabric surface free energy was calculated by means of three (Owens-Wendt, Wu and van Oss-Chaudhury-Good) theoretical models. The aim of the study was to analyze the usefulness of the dynamic contact angle and Washburn methods for assessing surface properties of textile materials, using selected measurement liquids, and to relate the results to the further investigation of actual wetting and penetration of model fabrics designed to protect against hazardous or irritant liquids. It was found that both methods are useful for determining the fabric surface free energy values; the Washburn method is characterized by the high practical value in assessing surface properties of textile materials, regardless of their structure, whereas the dynamic contact angle method allows for more thorough observation of how the fabric structure of the same raw material composition exerts its effect on the wettability and surface free energy value.

Influence of corona discharge on the surface and thermal properties of aramid fabrics

“…Three repetitions for each fabric sample were used. SFE was determined according to the Wu model (Equation 1), which is based on the assumptions of Owens‐Wendt model, but describes the intermolecular interaction using the harmonic mean. where γ s d , γ s p are the dispersion and polar components of the solid, γ l d , γ l p are the dispersion and polar components of the liquid.…”

“…Three repetitions for each fabric sample were used. SFE was determined according to the Wu model (Equation 1), [21][22][23][24] which is based on the assumptions of Owens-Wendt model, [22] but describes the intermolecular interaction using the harmonic mean. The reversible work of adhesion (W adh ) for the aramid fabrics and standard liquids was calculated from Dupreʼs equation [24] (Equation (2)) for water and formamide.…”

Microwave-assisted TiO2: anatase formation on cotton and viscose fabric surfaces

“…To evaluate the impact of plasma treatment on the surface free energy (SFE) of fabrics and the wettability of fabrics by TiO 2 sol, the contact angle was measured using the Drop Shape Analyzer (Krüss GmbH DSA 100, Germany) and three non-reactive standard liquids (droplet size of 5 ll): distilled water (c l = 72.8; . On the basis of the obtained contact angle values, the SFE was calculated using the Owens-Wendt model (Owens and Wendt 1969;Cieslak et al 2012). In this model, the SFE is calculated from the geometric mean of dispersion and polar interactions between the solid and liquid, according to Eq.…”

Influence of Low-Pressure RF Plasma Treatment on Aramid Yarns Properties

“…Three repetitions for each sample were used. Surface free energy was determined according to the Wu model (Equation 1) [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ] which based on the assumptions of the Owens-Wendt model but describes the intermolecular interaction using the harmonic mean. γ l (1+cosθ) = 4((γ l d γ s d )/ γ l d + γ s d + γ l p γ s p /γ l p + γ s p ) and γ s = γ s d + γ s p where γ s d , γ s p are the dispersion and polar components of the solid, γ l d , γ l p are the dispersion and polar components of the liquid.…”

“…Three repetitions for each sample were used. Surface free energy was determined according to the Wu model (Equation 1) [38][39][40][41] which based on the assumptions of the Owens-Wendt model but describes the intermolecular interaction using the harmonic mean.…”