Evaluation of the phytoconstituents of Auricularia auricula-judae mushroom and antimicrobial activity of its protein extract

Abstract

Introduction The growing resistance to antibiotics and the complexity of defeating multi-drug resistant bacteria have led to an increase in the search for novel and effective antimicrobials from various plants. This study aimed to determine the bioactive contents of Auricularia auricular-judae mushroom and evaluate the antimicrobial potential of its protein extract against some selected human bacterial and fungal pathogens which could serve as a lead to the discovery of new antimicrobial agents. Methods The constituents of the A. auricular-judae were evaluated by standard phytochemical analysis methods. The agar well diffusion, micro-broth dilution, and time-kill kinetic assays were used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , yeast ( Candida albicans ), and dermatophytic pathogens. Results The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrate (43.15 %; 38.30 %) proteins (23.75 %; 23.75 %), flavonoids (1.20 %; 0.80 %), alkaloids (0.60 %; 1.00 %), saponin (6.00 %; 2.40 %), tannin (1.65 %; 1.57 %), cyanide (0.24 %; 0.40 %), ash (12.40 %; 10.40 %), moisture (6.00 %;6.00 %), lipids(6.00 %;6.00 %), and fiber (8.70 %; 6.45 %) for the Tris buffer and warm aqueous extracts, respectively. The Tris and warm aqueous protein extracts showed antimicrobial effects toward all the human bacterial pathogens and two fungal isolates. Conclusions This study revealed the potential ability of A. auricula-judae for use as a herbal antimicrobial in the treatment of human bacterial and fungal pathogens.

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of wild mushrooms growing in tropical regions

“…The results of phytochemical tests on wild mushroom extracts with extraction using different solvents include: Deka et al (2017) extraction using ethanol as solvent, Auricularia auricula mushroom extract was found to contain saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, while Oli et al (2020) reported that after extraction with a warm water solvent, A. auricula mushroom extract was found to contain flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. The secondary metabolite compounds of S. commune mushrooms were researched by Teoh and Don (2013) via extraction using methanol as solvent, the metabolite compounds detected were flavonoids, saponins, and phenols.…”

“…Secondary metabolite compounds are chemical compounds that generally have bioactivity ability to and function as protectors of these plants from pests and diseases, for the plant itself or its environment. The benefits of wood-rot fungus secondary metabolites have been reported by several researchers, including the secondary metabolite compounds of Auricularia auricula fungi that are anti-fungal (Triani et al 2017), and potentially an anti-microbial herbal treatment for bacterial and fungal pathogens in humans (Oli et al 2020), they also have potential as a functional food and natural remedy against hyperlipidemia and hepatoprotection (Zanga 2021). Auricularia polytricha mushroom has potential as an alternative therapy for diabetes mellitus (Edi 2020).…”

Biosurfactant Production Using Mutant Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis from Agro-industrial Wastes

“… 53 , 54 Moreover, the low concentrations of the produced biosurfactants may be attributed to the extraction process adopted in this study which involved the use of millipore membrane filter rather than the conventional chemical method recorded in literature. 22 , 47 Previous studies where higher concentrations of biosurfactants viz-a-viz significant positive antimicrobial results were obtained used different chemical combinations for the extraction process which partly made it possible for complete extraction of active ingredients from the production cells. That was not the case in this study as the research attempted for the complete elimination of chemical reagents interference with the activities of the produced biosurfactants; as these chemicals may confer toxicity on the generated biosurfactants.…”

“…This was evaluated following previously reported method 20,21,22 with some modifications. Broth cultures of test bacterial isolates adjusted to 0.5 McFarland Standard were streaked on the surface of Mueller Hinton agar plates with the aid of sterile cotton swabs.…”

Advancements in Biodegradable Active Films for Food Packaging: Effects of Nano/Microcapsule Incorporation

“…Antimicrobial and anti-fungal effects of two wild edible mushrooms from the Kashmir valley, Morchella esculenta and Verpa bohemica , against E. coli and Aspergillus fumigates were assessed by [ 261 ]. Besides, the antimicrobial activity of Auricularia auricular-judae mushroom has been confirmed against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , yeast ( Candida albicans ), and dermatophytic pathogens [ 262 ].…”