Evaluation of the photosynthetic activity in transgenic tobacco plants with altered endogenous cytokinin content: lessons from cytokinin

Cortleven, Anne; Valcke, Roland

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01558.x

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…CK is generally accepted as a plant hormone stimulating chlorophyll biosynthesis and etioplast–chloroplast transition via the activation of chloroplast‐related genes and proteins (Riefler et al ., ; Yaronskaya et al ., ; Lochmanová et al ., ; Werner et al ., ; Cortleven and Valcke, ; Hedtke et al ., ; Cortleven et al ., ). Here, we report distinct effects of CK excess on chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis

et al. 2019

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The phytohormone cytokinin has been shown to affect many aspects of plant development ranging from the regulation of the shoot apical meristem to leaf senescence. However, some studies have reported contradictory effects of cytokinin on leaf physiology. Therefore cytokinin treatments cause both chlorosis and increased greening and both lead to decrease or increase in cell size. To elucidate this multifaceted role of cytokinin in leaf development, we have employed a system of temporal controls over the cytokinin pool and investigated the consequences of modulated cytokinin levels in the third leaf of Arabidopsis. We show that, at the cell proliferation phase, cytokinin is needed to maintain cell proliferation by blocking the transition to cell expansion and the onset of photosynthesis. Transcriptome profiling revealed regulation by cytokinin of a gene suite previously shown to affect cell proliferation and expansion and thereby a molecular mechanism by which cytokinin modulates a molecular network underlying the cellular responses. During the cell expansion phase, cytokinin stimulates cell expansion and differentiation. Consequently, a cytokinin excess at the cell expansion phase results in an increased leaf and rosette size fueled by higher cell expansion rate, yielding higher shoot biomass. Proteome profiling revealed the stimulation of primary metabolism by cytokinin, in line with an increased sugar content that is expected to increase turgor pressure, representing the driving force of cell expansion. Therefore, the developmental timing of cytokinin content fluctuations, together with a tight control of primary metabolism, is a key factor mediating transitions from cell proliferation to cell expansion in leaves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis

et al. 2019

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“…CKs are major determinants of growth, energy status and photosynthesis in mature leaves (Cortleven & Valcke ; Kieber & Schaller ; Bahaji et al ). Furthermore, these versatile hormones play important roles in flowering (Nishimura et al ; Riefler et al ; D'Aloia et al ), modulation of sugar‐induced anthocyanin accumulation (Guo et al ; Das et al ) and interaction of the plant with both biotic and abiotic factors (Argueso et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile compounds emitted by diverse phytopathogenic microorganisms promote plant growth and flowering through cytokinin action

Sánchez‐López

Baslam

Diego

et al. 2016

Plant Cell & Environment

154

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It is known that volatile emissions from some beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms promote plant growth. Here we show that volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by phylogenetically diverse rhizosphere and non-rhizhosphere bacteria and fungi (including plant pathogens and microbes that do not normally interact mutualistically with plants) promote growth and flowering of various plant species, including crops. In Arabidopsis plants exposed to VCs emitted by the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata, changes included enhancement of photosynthesis and accumulation of high levels of cytokinins (CKs) and sugars. Evidence obtained using transgenic Arabidopsis plants with altered CK status show that CKs play essential roles in this phenomenon, because growth and flowering responses to the VCs were reduced in mutants with CK-deficiency (35S:AtCKX1) or low receptor sensitivity (ahk2/3). Further, we demonstrate that the plant responses to fungal VCs are light-dependent. Transcriptomic analyses of Arabidopsis leaves exposed to A. alternata VCs revealed changes in the expression of light- and CK-responsive genes involved in photosynthesis, growth and flowering. Notably, many genes differentially expressed in plants treated with fungal VCs were also differentially expressed in plants exposed to VCs emitted by the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis GB03, suggesting that plants react to microbial VCs through highly conserved regulatory mechanisms.

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“…Chl levels were also decreased in the shoot of the B-type arr1 arr10 arr12 triple mutant, affected in the majority of cytokininactivated responses during vegetative plant development (Argyros et al, 2008;Ishida et al, 2008). In addition, ectopic expression of the bacterial cytokinin biosynthetic ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE (ipt) gene increased Chl levels, enhanced photosynthetic activity, affected the ultrastructure of chloroplasts, and delayed leaf senescence (Synková et al, 2006;Procházková et al, 2008;Cortleven and Valcke, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR5 Stimulates Arabidopsis Chloroplast Division, Photosynthesis, and Leaf Longevity

et al. 2015

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Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf development relies on subsequent phases of cell proliferation and cell expansion. During the proliferation phase, chloroplasts need to divide extensively, and during the transition from cell proliferation to expansion, they differentiate into photosynthetically active chloroplasts, providing the plant with energy. The transcription factor GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR5 (GRF5) promotes the duration of the cell proliferation period during leaf development. Here, it is shown that GRF5 also stimulates chloroplast division, resulting in a higher chloroplast number per cell with a concomitant increase in chlorophyll levels in 35S:GRF5 leaves, which can sustain higher rates of photosynthesis. Moreover, 35S:GRF5 plants show delayed leaf senescence and are more tolerant for growth on nitrogen-depleted medium. Cytokinins also stimulate leaf growth in part by extending the cell proliferation phase, simultaneously delaying the onset of the cell expansion phase. In addition, cytokinins are known to be involved in chloroplast development, nitrogen signaling, and senescence. Evidence is provided that GRF5 and cytokinins synergistically enhance cell division and chlorophyll retention after darkinduced senescence, which suggests that they also cooperate to stimulate chloroplast division and nitrogen assimilation. Taken together with the increased leaf size, ectopic expression of GRF5 has great potential to improve plant productivity.

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Evaluation of the photosynthetic activity in transgenic tobacco plants with altered endogenous cytokinin content: lessons from cytokinin

Cited by 30 publications

References 48 publications

Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis

Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis

Volatile compounds emitted by diverse phytopathogenic microorganisms promote plant growth and flowering through cytokinin action

GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR5 Stimulates Arabidopsis Chloroplast Division, Photosynthesis, and Leaf Longevity

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