Evaluation of the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood monocytes of patients with Jorge Lobo's disease

Vilani-Moreno, Fátima Regina; Silva, Luciana Moreira; Opromolla, D. V. A.

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822004000200010

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Changes in lymphocyte surface markers and proliferation were accompanied by reduced antibody titers to common marine microorganisms. No evidence for impaired phagocytosis in monocytes and granulocytes obtained from dolphins with lobomycosis was found, compatible with a report that phagocytosis of L. loboi by monocytes from human patients did not differ from controls (Vilani-Moreno et al 2004b). Despite evidence that humans and dolphins have substantial defects in cell-mediated immunity, it remains unclear whether infection with Lacazia represents an opportunistic infection or whether infection leads to secondary changes in immune function (Reif et al 2009, Honda andRaugi 2013).…”

Section: Risk Of Zoonotic Transmission Of Lobomycosissupporting

confidence: 76%

Lobomycosis: Risk of Zoonotic Transmission from Dolphins to Humans

Reif

Schaefer

Bossart

2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Lobomycosis, a fungal disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissues caused by Lacazia loboi, is sometimes referred to as a zoonotic disease because it affects only specific delphinidae and humans; however, the evidence that it can be transferred directly to humans from dolphins is weak. Dolphins have also been postulated to be responsible for an apparent geographic expansion of the disease in humans. Morphological and molecular differences between the human and dolphin organisms, differences in geographic distribution of the diseases between dolphins and humans, the existence of only a single documented case of presumed zoonotic transmission, and anecdotal evidence of lack of transmission to humans following accidental inoculation of tissue from infected dolphins do not support the hypothesis that dolphins infected with L. loboi represent a zoonotic hazard for humans. In addition, the lack of human cases in communities adjacent to coastal estuaries with a high prevalence of lobomycosis in dolphins, such as the Indian River Lagoon in Florida (IRL), suggests that direct or indirect transmission of L. loboi from dolphins to humans occurs rarely, if at all. Nonetheless, attention to personal hygiene and general principals of infection control are always appropriate when handling tissues from an animal with a presumptive diagnosis of a mycotic or fungal disease.

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Section: Risk Of Zoonotic Transmission Of Lobomycosissupporting

confidence: 76%

Lobomycosis: Risk of Zoonotic Transmission from Dolphins to Humans

Reif

Schaefer

Bossart

2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…These patients have shown absence of response to dinitrochlorobenzene, as well as delayed responses to Staphylococci , Streptococci , Trycophyton and Candida antigens, but a high reactivity to mycobacterial antigens 28,34 . Leucocytic activity, specifically neutrophil function, as well as complement system activity, is normal 35,36 . This is not unexpected as it has been shown that L. loboi has the capacity of activating complement system by its alternate pathway 34,36 .…”

Section: Aetiology and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 72%

“…35,36 This is not unexpected as it has been shown that L. loboi has the capacity of activating complement system by its alternate pathway. 34,36 Humoral immunity studies reveal that Lobomycosis patients show a predominantly Th2 lymphocyte subpopulation cytokine profile, 28,34 which could also negatively modulate its Th1 cellular counterpart. In attempt to measure intradermal reactivity in carrier cases, an antigen called Lobina was developed but unfortunately, it was not adequately specific as it showed cross reactivity with Paracoccidioides and Mycetomas.…”

Section: Aetiology and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Leucocytic activity, specifically neutrophil function, as well as complement system activity, is normal 35,36 . This is not unexpected as it has been shown that L. loboi has the capacity of activating complement system by its alternate pathway 34,36 . Humoral immunity studies reveal that Lobomycosis patients show a predominantly Th2 lymphocyte subpopulation cytokine profile, 28,34 which could also negatively modulate its Th1 cellular counterpart.…”

Section: Aetiology and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 90%

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Lobomycosis: an emerging disease in humans and delphinidae

Paniz-Mondolfi

Talhari

Hoffmann

et al. 2012

Mycoses

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Summary Lobomycosis, a disease caused by the uncultivable dimorphic onygenale fungi Lacazia loboi, remains to date as an enigmatic illness, both due to the impossibility of its aetiological agent to be cultured and grown in vitro, as well as because of its unresponsiveness to specific antifungal treatments. It was first described in the 1930s by Brazilian dermatologist Jorge Lobo and is known to cause cutaneous and subcutaneous localised and widespread infections in humans and dolphins. Soil and vegetation are believed to be the chief habitat of the fungus, however, increasing reports in marine mammals has shifted the attention to the aquatic environment. Infection in humans has also been associated with proximity to water, raising the hypothesis that L. loboi may be a hydrophilic microorganism that penetrates the skin by trauma. Although its occurrence was once thought to be restricted to New World tropical countries, its recent description in African patients has wrecked this belief. Antifungals noted to be effective in the empirical management of other cutaneous/subcutaneous mycoses have proven unsuccessful and unfortunately, no satisfactory therapeutic approach for this cutaneous infection currently exists.

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“… 37 The leukocyte and neutrophil functions, as well as complement activity, are preserved in patients with Jorge Lobo’s disease. 38 , 39 Studies of humoral immunity in patients with lobomycosis exhibit a Th2 cytokine profile with increased production of IL-4 and IL-6 and lower production of IL2. 28 , 35 , 40 Some authors believe in a protective factor caused by the presence of the melanin within the fungus wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lobomycosis: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management options

Francesconi¹,

Klein²,

Santos³

et al. 2014

TCRM

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Lobomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis of chronic evolution caused by the Lacazia loboi fungus. Its distribution is almost exclusive in the Americas, and it has a particularly high prevalence in the Amazon basin. Cases of lobomycosis have been reported only in dolphins and humans. Its prevalence is higher among men who are active in the forest, such as rubber tappers, bushmen, miners, and Indian men. It is recognized that the traumatic implantation of the fungus on the skin is the route by which humans acquire this infection. The lesions affect mainly exposed areas such as the auricles and upper and lower limbs and are typically presented as keloid-like lesions. Currently, surgical removal is the therapeutic procedure of choice in initial cases. Despite the existing data and studies to date, the active immune mechanisms in this infection and its involvement in the control or development of lacaziosis have not been fully clarified. In recent years, little progress has been made in the appraisal of the epidemiologic aspects of the disease. So far, we have neither a population-based study nor any evaluation directed to the forest workers.

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Evaluation of the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood monocytes of patients with Jorge Lobo's disease

Abstract: Studies on host-parasite interaction in Jorge Lobo

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Lobomycosis: Risk of Zoonotic Transmission from Dolphins to Humans

Lobomycosis: Risk of Zoonotic Transmission from Dolphins to Humans

Lobomycosis: an emerging disease in humans and delphinidae

Lobomycosis: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management options

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