Evaluation of the persistence and characteristics of indeterminate reactivity against hepatitis C virus in blood donors

Melve, Guro Kristin; Myrmel, Helge; Eide, Geir Egil; Hervig, Tor

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02320.x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As indeterminate IB results may represent past exposure to HCV , we suggest the anti‐HCV indeterminate group in our study probably represents two populations ‐ those with non‐specific reactivity and those with past exposure to HCV and subsequent partial seroreversion. This assumption is consistent with the observed difference between the PRISM HCV ChLIA s/co ratio distribution of the indeterminate group which was significantly higher than the BFR group but significantly less than the anti‐HCV‐positive group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…However, anti‐HCV IB assays can generate indeterminate results, defined by the manufacturer as band reactivity that is insufficient to meet the criteria for a positive result. Interpreting the significance of IB indeterminate results can be difficult as HCV RNA is usually not detectable and such results may represent either past exposure to HCV or non‐specific reactivity . In a previous study of Australian blood donors with indeterminate results on the RIBA 3·0 HCV strip IB assay (Chiron Corp., Emeryville, CA, USA), a number of indicators of past exposure to HCV were identified which included the sample to cut‐off (s/co) ratio of the screening IA, IB band reactivity, risk factors for HCV infection and donation history .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti‐HCV immunoblot indeterminate results in blood donors: non‐specific reactivity or past exposure to HCV?

Kiely

Styles

2017

Vox Sanguinis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐HCV immunoblot indeterminate results in blood donors: non‐specific reactivity or past exposure to HCV?

Kiely

Styles

2017

Vox Sanguinis

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“…A subsequent longer term study of Australian donors with FP anti‐HTLV IA results indicated that while approximately 53% of FP results were transient (Table ), they can take several months to several years to resolve . This is also consistent with studies that have reported indeterminate anti‐HTLV and anti‐HCV IB results, even when they are considered to represent FP results, can persist for several years . Based on the results of this longer term study, the outcome of several different donor management strategies was modelled (Table ).…”

Section: False Positive Results: Unintended Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

False positive viral marker results in blood donors and their unintended consequences

2018

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False positive (FP) viral marker results in blood donors continue to pose many challenges. Informing donors of FP results and subsequent deferral can result in stress and anxiety for donors and additional complexity and workload for blood services. Donor management strategies need to balance the requirement to minimise donor anxiety and inconvenience while maintaining sufficiency of supply. Decisions about how and when to inform donors of FP results and determine deferral periods can be difficult as FP results, while often transitory, can take up to several years to resolve. Additional complexities include the interpretation of indeterminate serological confirmatory testing without detectable viral RNA or non-discriminated NAT results with concomitant anti-HBc reactivity - both may be due to FP results, but the former may also represent past infection and the later may represent occult hepatitis B infection. In this review we discuss strategies to minimise indeterminate serological confirmatory results, possible donor deferral policies and the impact on donors when notified of FP results. We also provide some new data from Australia that address the challenge of interpreting non-discriminated NAT results with concomitant anti-HBc reactivity. Ultimately, the challenge is for each blood service to develop appropriate strategies for donor management, taking into account local information and requirements.

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“…It is known that there are presumed false‐positive HCV donors (anti‐HCV positive, HCV NAT negative). With further complex methods evaluating for immunological response to HCV (not ready for routine screening testing) [16–18], it is known that some of these donors are truly negative, some of those negative because of seasonal viral infections [19] and some of the donors being positive having recovered from the infection. However, it is not believed that these positive donations are capable of transmitting HCV.…”

Section: Hepatitis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV transfusion‐transmitted infections in the 21st century

2010

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In the past, transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) infections were not uncommon. In recent years with advanced technologies and improved donor screening, the risk of viral transfusion transmission has been markedly reduced. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have all shown marked reduction in transmission rates. However, the newer technologies, including nucleic acid technology (NAT) testing, have affected the residual rates differently for these virally transmitted diseases. Zero risk, which has been the goal, has yet to be achieved. False negatives still persist, and transmissions of these viruses still occur, although rarely. It is known that HBV serological testing misses some infected units; likewise, HBV NAT-negative units have also been known to transmit the virus. Similarly, HIV minipool NAT-negative units have transmitted HIV, as recently as 2007; likely, these transmissions would have been prevented with single-unit NAT testing. Newer technologies, such as pathogen inactivation (PI), will (ideally) eliminate these falsely test negative components, regardless of the original testing method used for detecting the viruses.

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Evaluation of the persistence and characteristics of indeterminate reactivity against hepatitis C virus in blood donors

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Anti‐HCV immunoblot indeterminate results in blood donors: non‐specific reactivity or past exposure to HCV?

Anti‐HCV immunoblot indeterminate results in blood donors: non‐specific reactivity or past exposure to HCV?

False positive viral marker results in blood donors and their unintended consequences

Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV transfusion‐transmitted infections in the 21st century

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