Evaluation of the performance of various universal and selective detectors for sulfur determination in natural gas

Tuan, Hai Pham; Janssen, Hans‐Gerd; Cramers, C.A.M.G.; Loo, Ellen M. Kuiper-van; Vlap, Harm

doi:10.1002/jhrc.1240180603

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As the GC technique is a separation technique but not an identification method, the chromatography column must be coupled to a specific detector. The most common detectors are: -Flame Ionization Detector (FID) (Adam et al, 2008;ASTM D6730, 2007;Johansen et al, 1983;Vendeuvre et al, 2005), -Sulfur or Nitrogen Chemiluminescence Detector (SCD/ NCD) (Adam et al, 2009;Dzidic et al, 1988;López García et al, 2002Revellin et al, 2005;Tuan et al, 1995), -Atomic Emission Detector (AED) (Andersson and Sielex, 1996;Depauw and Froment, 1997), -mass spectrometer (Bouyssiere et al, 2004;López García et al, 2002;Teng and Williams, 1994). GC techniques have a high separation efficient, equivalent to 2.5 10 5 theoretical plates, which allows them to identify up to 200 compounds in a mixture (Mondello et al, 2002).…”

Section: Analytical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Kinetic Modeling Methodologies for Complex Processes

Oliveira

Hudebine

Denis

et al. 2016

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

123

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-In this paper, kinetic modeling techniques for complex chemical processes are reviewed. After a brief historical overview of chemical kinetics, an overview is given of the theoretical background of kinetic modeling of elementary steps and of multistep reactions. Classic lumping techniques are introduced and analyzed. Two examples of lumped kinetic models (atmospheric gasoil hydrotreating and residue hydroprocessing) developed at IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) are presented. The largest part of this review describes advanced kinetic modeling strategies, in which the molecular detail is retained, i.e. the reactions are represented between molecules or even subdivided into elementary steps. To be able to retain this molecular level throughout the kinetic model and the reactor simulations, several hurdles have to be cleared first: (i) the feedstock needs to be described in terms of molecules, (ii) large reaction networks need to be automatically generated, and (iii) a large number of rate equations with their rate parameters need to be derived. For these three obstacles, molecular reconstruction techniques, deterministic or stochastic network generation programs, and single-event micro-kinetics and/or linear free energy relationships have been applied at IFPEN, as illustrated by several examples of kinetic models for industrial refining processes.Résumé -Une revue de méthodes de modélisation cinétique pour des procédés complexesDans cet article, les techniques de modélisation cinétique des processus chimiques complexes sont examinées. Après un bref aperçu historique de la cinétique chimique, un aperçu des bases théoriques de la modélisation cinétique d'étapes élémentaires et de réactions globales est présenté. Les techniques classiques de regroupement (lumping) sont ensuite présentées et analysées. Deux exemples de modèles cinétiques regroupés (pour l'hydrotraitement de gazole atmosphérique et pour l'hydrotraitement de résidus) développés à IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) sont présentés. La plus grande partie de cette revue décrit des stratégies avancées de modélisation cinétique, dans lesquelles le détail moléculaire est retenu : les réactions entre les molécules sont représentées ou même subdivisées en étapes élémentaires. Pour être en mesure de conserver ce niveau moléculaire à la fois dans le modèle cinétique et dans les simulations de réacteurs, plusieurs obstacles doivent d'abord être éliminés : (i) la charge doit être décrite en termes de molécules, (ii) les grands réseaux réactionnels doivent être générés automatiquement et (iii) un grand nombre d'équations de vitesse avec leurs paramètres de vitesse doit être dérivé. Pour ces trois obstacles, des techniques de reconstruction moléculaire, des programmes de génération de réseaux déterministes ou stochastiques, et des modèles microcinétiques basés sur des événements constitutifs (single events) et/ou des

show abstract

Section: Analytical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Kinetic Modeling Methodologies for Complex Processes

Oliveira

Hudebine

Denis

et al. 2016

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

123

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…semivolatile sulfur-containing compounds in various matrices. A number of selective detectors, such as flame photometric detector (FPD) and its variants, sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD), atomic emission detector, and mass spectrometry detector have been applied successfully for the selective determination of sulfur compounds [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. As sulfur selective detectors, both SCD and FPD utilize the chemiluminescent reactions of sulfur compounds in a hydrogen/air flame to achieve selective and sensitive detection of these specific compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FPD has its constraints including the lack of linearity in response due to formation of diatomic species S 2 and quenching or suppression of sulfur signal by coeluted hydrocarbons. Compared to FPD, SCD favorably produces a linear response, offers very high selectivity, and is far less susceptible to hydrocarbon interferences [6,10,11,[18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow injection gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection for the analysis of total sulfur in complex hydrocarbon matrixes

Hua

Hawryluk

Gras

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A fast and reliable analytical technique for the determination of total sulfur levels in complex hydrocarbon matrices is introduced. The method employed flow injection technique using a gas chromatograph as a sample introduction device and a gas phase dual-plasma sulfur chemiluminescence detector for sulfur quantification. Using the technique described, total sulfur measurement in challenging hydrocarbon matrices can be achieved in less than 10 s with sample-to-sample time <2 min. The high degree of selectivity and sensitivity toward sulfur compounds of the detector offers the ability to measure low sulfur levels with a detection limit in the range of 20 ppb w/w S. The equimolar response characteristic of the detector allows the quantitation of unknown sulfur compounds and simplifies the calibration process. Response is linear over a concentration range of five orders of magnitude, with a high degree of repeatability. The detector's lack of response to hydrocarbons enables direct analysis without the need for time-consuming sample preparation and chromatographic separation processes. This flow injection-based sulfur chemiluminescence detection technique is ideal for fast analysis or trace sulfur analysis.

show abstract

“…Odor-causing compounds from natural gas drilling and production include hydrogen sulfide and other reduced sulfides, which can be constituents of natural gas as well as condensate (Coward and Barron, 1983;Dawodu and Meisen, 1989;Mazumdar et al, 1974;Kunkel, 1977;Tuan et al, 1995;Yuhua et al, 2006). Hydrogen sulfide is of concern because of its "rotten egg" odor, which can pose a nuisance to well site neighbors (Water Environment Federation [WEF] and American Society of Civil Engineers [ASCE], 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%