Evaluation of the pathogenicity of African Horsesickness (AHS) isolates in vaccinated animals

Teichman, Beate F. von; Smit, Theresa

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.037

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Live attenuated strains of AHSV that were developed as vaccines have been available for more than 60 years and are still routinely used in South Africa and other endemic countries [9]. However this type of vaccines causes viraemia in the host and therefore has the potential to be transmitted in the field [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus (MVA) Vaccine Expressing African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) VP2 Protects Against AHSV Challenge in an IFNAR −/− Mouse Model

et al. 2011

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African horse sickness (AHS) is a lethal viral disease of equids, which is transmitted by Culicoides midges that become infected after biting a viraemic host. The use of live attenuated vaccines has been vital for the control of this disease in endemic regions. However, there are safety concerns over their use in non-endemic countries. Research efforts over the last two decades have therefore focused on developing alternative vaccines based on recombinant baculovirus or live viral vectors expressing structural components of the AHS virion. However, ethical and financial considerations, relating to the use of infected horses in high biosecurity installations, have made progress very slow. We have therefore assessed the potential of an experimental mouse-model for AHSV infection for vaccine and immunology research. We initially characterised AHSV infection in this model, then tested the protective efficacy of a recombinant vaccine based on modified vaccinia Ankara expressing AHS-4 VP2 (MVA-VP2).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus (MVA) Vaccine Expressing African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) VP2 Protects Against AHSV Challenge in an IFNAR −/− Mouse Model

et al. 2011

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“…During the epizootic of 1854-1855 70,000 horses reportedly died which at that time was more than 40% of the horse population of the Cape of Good Hope (3). Live-attenuated (LA) AHSV vaccines were first developed during the 1930s in South Africa (4), and polyvalent cell culture attenuated vaccines are still routinely used for protective immunization of horses in sub-Saharan Africa (5). Inactivated vaccines also have been used to protectively immunize horses against AHSV during incursions of the virus into non-enzootic regions such as the Iberian Peninsula (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective immunization of horses with a recombinant canarypox virus vectored vaccine co-expressing genes encoding the outer capsid proteins of African horse sickness virus

Guthrie¹,

Quan²,

Lourens³

et al. 2009

Vaccine

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We describe the development and preliminary characterization of a recombinant canarypox virus vectored (ALVAC ® ) vaccine for protective immunization of equids against African horse sickness virus (AHSV) infection. Horses (n = 8) immunized with either of two concentrations of recombinant canarypox virus vector (ALVAC-AHSV) co-expressing synthetic genes encoding the outer capsid proteins (VP2 and VP5) of AHSV serotype 4 (AHSV-4) developed variable titres (<10-80) of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies and were completely resistant to challenge infection with a virulent strain of AHSV-4. In contrast, a horse immunized with a commercial recombinant canarypox virus vectored vaccine expressing the haemagglutinin genes of two equine influenza H3N8 viruses was seronegative to AHSV and following infection with virulent AHSV-4 developed pyrexia, thrombocytopenia and marked oedema of the supraorbital fossae typical of the "dikkop" or cardiac form of African horse sickness. AHSV was detected by virus isolation and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in the blood of the control horse from 8 days onwards after challenge infection whereas AHSV was not detected at any time in the blood of the ALVAC-AHSV vaccinated horses. The control horse seroconverted to AHSV by 2 weeks after challenge infection as determined by both virus neutralization and ELISA assays, whereas six of eight of the ALVAC-AHSV vaccinated horses did not seroconvert by either assay following challenge infection with virulent AHSV-4. These data confirm that the ALVAC-AHSV vaccine will be useful for the protective immunization of equids against African horse sickness, and avoids many of the problems inherent to liveattenuated AHSV vaccines.

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“…Even LAV for serotype 5 and 9 are not included, and protection against AHSV-5 and -9 are achieved by serotype-related LAVs for serotype 8 and 6, respectively [36]. However, when using cocktails of LAVs it was also suggested that there are substantial differences in cross-reactivity between serotypes; e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of recombinant VP2 proteins of all nine serotypes of African horse sickness virus

Kanai

Rijn

Maris-Veldhuis

et al. 2014

Vaccine

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African horse sickness (AHS) is an equine disease with a mortality of up to 90% for susceptible horses. The causative agent AHS virus (AHSV) is transmitted by species of Culicoides. AHSV serogroup within the genus Orbivirus of the Reoviridae family consists of nine serotypes that show no or very limited cross-neutralization. Of the seven structural proteins (VP1-VP7) of AHSV, VP2 is the serotype specific protein, and the major target for neutralizing antibodies. In this report, recombinant VP2 proteins of all nine serotypes were expressed individually by the baculovirus expression system and the immunogenicity of each was studied by immunization of guinea pigs with single VP2 as well as with cocktails of VP2 proteins. Homologous neutralizing antibodies measured by 50% plaque reduction assay showed varying degrees (from 37 to 1365) of titers for different VP2 proteins. A low cross-neutralizing antibody titer was found for genetically related AHSV serotypes. Immunization with VP2 cocktails containing equal amounts of each of the VP2 proteins also triggered neutralizing antibodies albeit to lower titers (4-117) to each of the serotypes in the cocktail. This study is a first step to develop a VP2 subunit vaccine for AHS and our results indicate that VP2 subunit vaccines are feasible individually or in a multi-serotype cocktail.

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Evaluation of the pathogenicity of African Horsesickness (AHS) isolates in vaccinated animals

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

A Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus (MVA) Vaccine Expressing African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) VP2 Protects Against AHSV Challenge in an IFNAR −/− Mouse Model

A Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus (MVA) Vaccine Expressing African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) VP2 Protects Against AHSV Challenge in an IFNAR −/− Mouse Model

Protective immunization of horses with a recombinant canarypox virus vectored vaccine co-expressing genes encoding the outer capsid proteins of African horse sickness virus

Immunogenicity of recombinant VP2 proteins of all nine serotypes of African horse sickness virus

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