Evaluation of the oscillator frequency of a free running RF generator as a diagnostic tool for inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

Matrix effects of carbon and bromine in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

“…The presence of high concentrations (>1 g L À1 ) of easily ionizable elements (EIEs) such as Na is reported to cause plasma related signal variations 37 in the emission line intensities of other elements. Consistent with our previous work 24 we encountered a small, but signicant decrease of the RF generator frequency (2.2 kHz) and a severe drop of plasma robustness (from 7.0 to 5.4 when increasing the NaCl concentration in the sample solution from 0 g L À1 to 30 g L À1 ). However, the excitation temperature decreased only to 6510 AE 20 K over the same interval.…”

“…Before recording the emission spectra the RF generator was allowed to "warm up" for 30 min. 24 The excitation temperature was 6470 AE 15 K, 6450 AE 20 K, 6450 AE 10 K, 6460 AE 10 K (mean value AE s; n ¼ 5) using the plasma conditions listed in Table 1. Then the ICP torch was removed, acid cleaned, reinstalled and the excitation temperature was again recorded on the following days: 6530 AE 20 K, 6540 AE 20 K, 6520 AE 20 K, 6520 AE 10 K. Aer installing the torch again, the observation position of the spectrometer was tuned following the instrument manufacturer's recommendations and similar signal intensities were obtained for the Mn tuning solution.…”

Investigation of the electrical properties of standard and low-gas-flow ICPs using novel probes for the direct measurements of RF voltage and current in the load coil and the corresponding calculation of the ICP power

“…4,5 Wiltsche et al reported the use of inductive probes for an accurate measurement of the RF frequency of a free-running generator. 6 To the best knowledge of the authors, a design for the accurate and direct measurement of voltage and current in a load coil of analytical ICPs is not described in the literature until today. Commercially available voltage and current probes do exist but have limitations in either the accessible voltage range or RF frequency.…”

Electron Density from Balmer Series Hydrogen Lines and Ionization Temperatures in Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Supplied by Aerosol and Volatile Species

“…A number of papers have been devoted to ICP spectral diagnostics; however, nebulization systems have been predominantly investigated [6][7][8][9][14][15][16] in comparison to the reports concerning CVG [11,[17][18][19]. In the case of PN, the effect of hydrogen in addition to the argon or combined effect with a desolvation step was also discussed [19][20][21].…”