Evaluation of the Norwegian R&amp;D Tax Credit Scheme

Cappelen, Alexander W.; Fjærli, Erik; Foyn, Frank; Hægeland, Torbjørn; Møen, Jarle; Raknerud, Arvid; Rybalka, Marina

doi:10.4067/s0718-27242010000300007

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Firms must seek to foster R&D processes and develop a new or improved product, service or production process to be eligible for Skattefunn. An evaluation of the scheme has found it to work as intended because it stimulates firms to invest more in R&D, and the effect is particularly positive for smaller firms with limited R&D experience (Cappelen et al , 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers for agility in times of crisis

Solheim

Aadland

Eide

et al. 2022

EBR

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Purpose Agile organisations do not arise from a single characteristic but comprise a combination of various aspects. Thus, this study aims to examine the combined effects on organisational agility regarding firms’ utilisation of digital technology to create value during the COVID-19 pandemic, how firms perceive uncertainty related to their own organisational response and the degree to which they have an entrepreneurial mindset. Design/methodology/approach Using a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, this study investigates 355 established firms and start-ups in Norway. Findings This study finds digitalisation is required for agility to develop, but that it needs to be combined with having an entrepreneurial mindset or being a start-up and lower levels of perceived uncertainty. Hence, entrepreneurial mindset and low uncertainty are important factors for digitalisation, and in turn, for agility to be developed. Originality/value Agility is recognised as being pivotal for firms’ competitiveness and innovation and argued to be significant in overcoming sudden economic shocks. However, lacking empirical scrutiny are investigations into the relationship between digitalisation and agility, and how digitalisation might act as a driver for building agility, which the authors tackle herein.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers for agility in times of crisis

Solheim

Aadland

Eide

et al. 2022

EBR

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“…Most of these programs, in 2019, focused on oil and gas, fisheries, and other industries compliant with the structure of the Norwegian national innovation system, and the three layers of path dependencies of the modern Norwegian economy (Fagerberg & Sapprasert, 2011). The implications of this, as is supported by research, suggest that the Norwegian Research Council is prone to support industries within path dependencies, through strategically targeting the development of national champions and upgrading the technological capabilities of existing sectors (Cappelen et al, 2010;Wicken, 2009a).…”

Section: Upgrading Existing Technological Capabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Norwegian Government Funding Policies Through the Lens of an Entrepreneur.

Ali¹

2021

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Norway, like many other industrialized countries, has a long tradition of implementing funding policies to shape and develop national innovation systems. These policies are often targeted at industries in which there is a sectoral competitive advantage, so leading to path dependency. Policymaking in Norway can be explained as a duality; policies implemented to correct market failures, targeted at small firms, and policies aimed at supporting national champions and upgrading existing technological capacities of selected industries. Existing studies on innovation systems and government funding policies often focus on top-down variables, and therefore fail to provide deeper insights on the effect of policymaking on company creation, regardless of path dependency. The aim of this study was to provide the perspective of an entrepreneur on the impact of government funding policies throughout a company lifecycle. This provided a hands-on contribution to the field, through active participation in and following five case companies and creating three companies. These case companies fell within the categories of path dependency, path renewal and path creation. Three of the companies belonged to the oil and gas industry. We therefore assumed they were part of a sectoral innovation system, and path dependent. One was a financial technology company, representing path creation. The last company was a renewable energy company, which represented path renewal, government funding policies being mapped through interactions with both public and private actors. Findings suggest that the Norwegian government funding policies are strong in the first phases of a company lifecycle, but weak during growth and scaling. Policies are furthermore more likely to help entrepreneurs with existing networks, and therefore with the capability to leverage private funding. This study aimed to demystify the creation of a technology company, to help academics and policy makers understand the drivers behind creating and improving innovation in their region.

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“…The tax refund takes place the year after the actual R&D expenses have occurred (and the project was approved). If the firm's taxes are less than the refund, the remaining tax credit is given as a direct grant (see Cappelen et al, 2010 for more details). In fact, each year about three fourth of the total tax subsidies are given as direct grants.…”

Section: Institutional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%