Evaluation of the mucosal inflammatory responses to equine cyathostomins in response to anthelmintic treatment

Steuer, Ashley E.; Loynachan, Alan T.; Nielsen, Martin K.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.02.011

Cited by 18 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Concerning the role of goblet cells and their function, it is interesting to note the higher gene expression of MUC2 and RELM‐β in the tissues across all groups at the 2 WPT time interval compared to 5 WPT, while IL‐13 exhibited the opposite effects. In our previous histopathological study, we reported an increase in goblet cell hyperplasia at 5 WPT compared to 2 WPT, 10 which suggests the increase in IL‐13 reported herein could be associated with this process, as reported in other species 13 . This and the decreased gene expression of MUC2 and RELM‐β coincided with the previously reported decreased mucosal worm burdens at 5 WPT 24 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The remaining 18 ponies remained on pasture and were then euthanized and necropsied at 5 WPT (Days 35 and 36). Worm burdens and enumerations, anthelmintic efficacy and evaluation of histopathological reaction data have previously been reported from this study 10,16 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Currently, there are two anthelmintic products labelled for larvicidal treatment of encysted cyathostomin larvae: fenbendazole (10 mg/kg or 7.5 mg/kg orally for 5 consecutive days) and moxidectin (0.4 mg/kg orally once). Studies have described the inflammatory response to these two larvicidal treatments both locally and systemically 8‐10 . While these studies evaluated the inflammatory response to the larvae and treatment, their scope of testing of the inflammatory response (especially in regard to the local cytokine and local gene expression) was limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison, we have reported only subtle differences in local pro‐inflammatory cytokine gene expression between groups of horses treated with the same anthelmintics 9 . Most recently, we evaluated the histopathological effects of both moxidectin and five‐day fenbendazole treatment over two post‐treatment time intervals and noted inflammatory reactions both at 2 and 5 weeks post‐treatment (WPT) 10 . One of the primary novel findings was the correlation of goblet cell hyperplasia with decreased mucosal larval and luminal worm counts at 5 WPT (compared to 2 WPT) across all groups, including the untreated controls 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most recently, we evaluated the histopathological effects of both moxidectin and five‐day fenbendazole treatment over two post‐treatment time intervals and noted inflammatory reactions both at 2 and 5 weeks post‐treatment (WPT) 10 . One of the primary novel findings was the correlation of goblet cell hyperplasia with decreased mucosal larval and luminal worm counts at 5 WPT (compared to 2 WPT) across all groups, including the untreated controls 10 . This suggests a process of worm expulsion from the mucosa occurring, regardless of anthelmintic treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytokine and goblet cell gene expression in equine cyathostomin infection and larvicidal anthelmintic therapy

Steuer

Stewart

Barker

et al. 2020

Parasite Immunology

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Aims:The role of the immune response to cyathostomin infections in horses remains unknown. Intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia has previously been noted as a component in cyathostomin infection; however, the function is unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the local and systemic gene expression to cyathostomin infections following larvicidal treatment and explore their relation to goblet cells. Methods and Results: Thirty-six ponies with naturally acquired cyathostomin infections were randomly allocated into three groups: fenbendazole-treated (10 mg/kg PO 5 days), moxidectin-treated (0.4 mg/kg PO once) and untreated control. Whole blood from all horses was collected weekly, and tissue samples from the large intestine collected during necropsy at 2 and 5 weeks post-treatment (WPT). Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-22, IFN-γ, resistin-like molecule beta (RELM-β), Mucin 2 (MUC2) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α was measured using qRT-PCR. There were statistically significant linear correlations between luminal worm burdens and MUC2 (r = −.2358) and RELM-β (r = −.2261). Conclusion: This suggests an active role of immune system post-treatment in parasite expulsion, specifically in goblet cells, and that the organs respond differently to treatment and the larvae themselves. This may have implications in the disease process and treatment. K E Y W O R D S anthelmintic, cyathostomin, equine, goblet cell, inflammation, larvicidal, worm expulsion S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: Steuer AE, Stewart JC, Barker VD, Adams AA, Nielsen MK. Cytokine and goblet cell gene expression in equine cyathostomin infection and larvicidal anthelmintic therapy. Parasite Immunol. 2020;42:e12709.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%