Evaluation of the mechanical properties of fully integrated 3D printed polymeric sandwich structures with auxetic cores: experimental and numerical assessment

Najafi, Milad; Ahmadi, Hamed; Liaghat, Gholamhossein

doi:10.1007/s00170-022-10147-w

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Young's Modulus (MPa) Poisson's Ratio Density (kg/m 3 ) Pear Fruit (Ankara) [15] 3.248 0.427 1032 Poplar Wood [15] 8400 0.318 4000 ABS (3D-printed) [12] 1900 0.350 940 Cardboard [26] 656 0.251 800 Rubber [26] Mooney-Rivlin parameters 1000 Bio-inspired honeycomb structures are commonly used in the literature due to their good properties in impact-loading without compromising weight [27]. The corrugated shape is also well documented and generally used in cardboard boxes for transportation purposes [28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the design stage of the structure, the energy absorption should be maximized so that energy is transferred to the package instead of the fruit. Various auxetic geometric structure designs can be adopted, such as arrowhead, anti-tetra chiral, re-entrant, and honeycomb, as investigated by Najafi et al [12]. In this paper, investigations and simulations of a honeycomb structure will be conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Bruising Susceptibility and Response of Pears under Impact Loading through Finite Element Analysis

Hafizh,

Mecheter,

Tarlochan

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Mechanical damage and bruising of fruit is a critical problem in the food industry. Minimizing brusing and damage can be achieved by designing energy-absorbing structures and packaging systems in order to ensure the long-term quality of fresh produce. The aim of this study is to investigate the response and bruise susceptibility of pears under impact loading conditions through finite element analysis (FEA) methods. In this paper, three impact heights (0.25 m, 0.5 m, and 1.0 m), four impact material surfaces (poplar wood, rubber, cardboard, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic), two packaging sizes (standard 0.22″ and sandwich lattice 2.1″), and three impact design structures (rigid, corrugated, and honeycomb) are considered. Based on mesh sensitivity analysis, a mesh element of 1.5 mm was adopted for all simulations, assuring the accuracy of results and considering the trade-off between mesh size and computational time. The response surface analysis approach was utilized in order to develop predictive empirical models related to pear bruising. Results revealed that the rubber-based impact platform yielded minimal bruise susceptibility at all heights, while standard-sized corrugated cardboard performed best at a height of 0.25 m. Furthermore, single, double, and triple layers of packaging cardboard were tested. We observed that adding a second soft layer of corrugated cardboard reduced the stress on the pear by around 33%. However, adding a third layer only reduced stress by 5%. The 3D-printed honeycomb ABS has potential as protective packaging but would require further investigations and parameter optimization. Stacking multiple layers of cardboard on top of each other is a cost-effective solution that could improve damping and, therefore, ensure good quality and increase the shelf life of the fresh produce. This study will help decision-makers select the optimal energy-absorbing material for cushioning and packaging designs in order to improve the handling and post-harvesting logistics of fresh produce.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bruising Susceptibility and Response of Pears under Impact Loading through Finite Element Analysis

Hafizh,

Mecheter,

Tarlochan

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…This unique behavior renders them promising candidate for a variety of lightweight engineering applications, such as automobiles [3], compression endurance [4] impact-resistant armors [5], crash applications [6] and biomedical applications [7]. These structures have many variants, Reentrant, honeycomb, chiral, and gyroid are some pertinent examples [8,9]. The advent of numerical controlled technology has facilitated the physical realization of such complicated structures [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical characterization of innovative 3D-printed auxetic (NPR) structures: role of considering anisotropy on accuracy of numerical modeling

Ashfaq,

Hussain,

Khan

et al. 2024

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Owing to being lightweight and offering excellent properties, the auxetic structures characterized by negative Poisson's ratio are gaining growing interest from academia and industry. In view of the complex nature of these structures, 3D printing owing to offering shape exibility is gaining increasing attention as a preferred fabrication process. Each cell in these structures consists of multiple ribs printed with different orientations thereby likely to show mechanical anisotropy when loaded. To accurately model their mechanical behavior and thus to reliably assess their performance through numerical modeling, anisotropy should be taken into account. This subject has been merely addressed in numerical modeling of printed auxetic structures, especially for those fabricated through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), a 3D printing technique. The present study, therefore, addresses this subject. The ABS polymer is employed as the experimental material. For numerical modeling, the necessary material constants are determined by following the standard printing and testing practices. A variety of auxetic structures are designed and their mechanical behaviors are studied numerically as well experimentally. The analysis shows that the anisotropic model yields fairly accurate results comparable to the experimental ones, while the isotropic model suffers from an error of 26%. The presented study is the rst of its nature and is believed to act as a guideline for accurately assessing the mechanical performance of auxetic structures.

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“…Technologies that allow for flexible design and manufacturing of the inner core shapes in sandwich structures are needed. Recent advancements in 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have enabled the production of cellular materials with more complex architectures [16][17][18][19][20]. Researchers have recently conducted studies on various core topologies of additive manufacturing-produced sandwich structures, examining their behavior under different types of loadings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zoumaki et al [22] fabricated biodegradable starch-based sandwich materials by using maize starch-based films as skins and 3Dprinted polylactic filaments (PLA) as the core, and investigated the tensile properties of the skins through the preparation of conventional and nanocomposite films with various reinforcement combinations. Najafi et al [18] performed a study to examine and compare the mechanical characteristics, such as energy absorption, Young's modulus and compressive strength of fully integrated 3D printed polymeric sandwich structures with different auxetic core topologies (anti-tetra chiral, re-entrant, arrowhead), as well as conventional honeycomb structures, fabricated using the FDM 3D printing method. Additionally, Choudry et al [23] conducted a comprehensive investigation involving both numerical simulations and experimental tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bending Behavior of 3D Printed Polymeric Sandwich Structures with Various Types of Core Topologies

TUNAY,

BODUR

2023

International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology

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In this study, bending performance and energy absorption capabilities of sandwich structures with different types of core topologies. Specifically, four types of core geome-tries including cylindrical, hexagonal, square, and triangular were investigated. Sandwich structures were fabricated using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printing method using polylactic acid (PLA) and carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid (CF-PLA). The ma-terial properties of PLA and CF-PLA were determined via tensile test. Three-point bending tests were performed to achieve the energy absorption performance of sandwich struc-tures. The findings of the bending test show that the core topology has a substantial im-pact on sandwich constructions' capacity to absorb energy. Additionally, it has been ob-served that the use of different materials affects the energy absorption capacity of sand-wich structures.

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Evaluation of the mechanical properties of fully integrated 3D printed polymeric sandwich structures with auxetic cores: experimental and numerical assessment

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Evaluation of Bruising Susceptibility and Response of Pears under Impact Loading through Finite Element Analysis

Evaluation of Bruising Susceptibility and Response of Pears under Impact Loading through Finite Element Analysis

Mechanical characterization of innovative 3D-printed auxetic (NPR) structures: role of considering anisotropy on accuracy of numerical modeling

Bending Behavior of 3D Printed Polymeric Sandwich Structures with Various Types of Core Topologies

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