Evaluation of the measurement of leukotriene B4 concentrations in exhaled condensate as a noninvasive method for assessing mediators of inflammation in the lungs of calves

Reinhold, Petra; Becher, G; Rothe, Michael

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.742

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(26 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The increase of LTB 4 , an inflammatory mediator with chemotactic activity for neutrophils and other cell types, was in agreement with previous findings in calves demonstrating that elevated LTB 4 concentrations in EBC due to respiratory infections were correlated with deteriorations of pulmonary functions [33]. IL-6 is a cytokine that is involved in acute phase, and acute phase response has been evaluated previously [38].…”

Section: Exhaled Breath Condensatesupporting

confidence: 91%

An experimentally inducedChlamydiasuis infection in pigs results in severe lung function disorders and pulmonary inflammation

et al. 2008

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-This study was aimed at evaluating the pathophysiology of pulmonary dysfunctions and inflammatory consequences of an acute respiratory chlamydial infection induced experimentally in conventionally raised pigs (aged 39-44 days). Eight animals were exposed to Chlamydia suis (C. suis) and four non-infected animals served as controls. The total observation period was from seven days before challenge to seven days post exposure. While non-infected control pigs did not exhibit any clinical symptoms, animals exposed to C. suis developed fever and were severely respiratory distressed within the first week after exposure. After C. suis infection, pulmonary dysfunctions were characterised by a significant decrease in the diffusion capacity of the lung (i.e. transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide; TL CO), a significant increase in the functional residual capacity (FRC), and significant changes in the pattern of ventilation (respiratory rate increased while the tidal volume decreased). In exhaled breath condensate (EBC), leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) showed a tendency to increase after infection. In the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of C. suis infected pigs, the activity of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) was found to be increased compared to controls. BALF cytology was characterised by increased numbers of granulocytes and activated lymphocytes. Pulmonary inflammation in infected pigs was confirmed by post mortem histology. A prominent dissemination of chlamydial bodies in the lung was accompanied by an influx of macrophages, granulocytes and activated T-cells. Data obtained in this study provide new insight into the pathogenesis of acute respiratory chlamydial infections in pigs.Chlamydia suis model / pulmonary inflammation / lung functions / exhaled breath condensate (EBC) / BALF

show abstract

Section: Exhaled Breath Condensatesupporting

confidence: 91%

An experimentally inducedChlamydiasuis infection in pigs results in severe lung function disorders and pulmonary inflammation

et al. 2008

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An elevation in exhaled LTB 4 level was demonstrated in calves after experimental respiratory tract infection [30]. Cys-LTs and LTB 4 were found to be elevated in asthmatic patients as compared with normal subjects [109,117,[125][126][127][128].…”

Section: Diseases States Which Influence Lt Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An animal study showed clear positive correlations not only between minute volume and EBC volume, but also to variables determining the breathing pattern (i.e. tidal volume per kg body weight and respiratory frequency) [30].…”

Section: Breathing Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protocols, recommendations and potential pitfalls Cys-LTs (LTC 4 /D 4 /E 4 ) and LTB 4 can be measured by EIA with detection limit of 15 pg?mL -1 and 4.4 pg?mL -1 , respectively [30,[125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132]. The range of cys-LT concentrations in EBC of healthy subjects varies between 0-25 pg?ml -1 and that of LTB 4 is between 0-220 pg?mL -1 [73,109,[125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132].…”

Section: Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions

Ho¹,

Hunt²,

Barnes³

2005

Eur Respir J

1,155

1,315

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a noninvasive method for obtaining samples from the lungs. EBC contains large number of mediators including adenosine, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, isoprostanes, leukotrienes, nitrogen oxides, peptides and cytokines. Concentrations of these mediators are influenced by lung diseases and modulated by therapeutic interventions. Similarly EBC pH also changes in respiratory diseases.The aim of the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Task Force on EBC was to identify the important methodological issues surrounding EBC collection and assay, to provide recommendations for the measurements and to highlight areas where further research is required.Based on the currently available evidence and the consensus of the expert panel for EBC collection, the following general recommendations were put together for oral sample collection: collect during tidal breathing using a noseclip and a saliva trap; define cooling temperature and collection time (10 min is generally sufficient to obtain 1-2 mL of sample and well tolerated by patients); use inert material for condenser; do not use resistor and do not use filter between the subject and the condenser. These are only general recommendations and certain circumstances may dictate variation from them.Important areas for future research involve: ascertaining mechanisms and site of exhaled breath condensate particle formation; determination of dilution markers; improving reproducibility; employment of EBC in longitudinal studies; and determining the utility of exhaled breath condensate measures for the management of individual patients. These studies are required before recommending this technique for use in clinical practice.

show abstract

“…In the study performed by Philippou et al (287), lungs from animals sacrificed at 12 weeks postinoculation were atelectatic with evidence of bronchiolar obstruction and profound inflammatory infiltration. Disease progression has been associated with increased expression of IL-2, IL-4, and/or gamma interferon in cells drained from pulmonary lymph (139,214) and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (257), detection of tumor necrosis factor alpha and leukotriene B4 in respiratory secretions (302,308), and elevations in levels of serum acute-phase response proteins (171). Aside from the challenging aspects of working with large experimental animals, research in this field is hampered by the fact that there are comparatively few bovine cytokine gene sequences available in the public domain and even fewer commercially available reagents.…”

Section: Bovine Pneumovirus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Pneumoviruses: Molecular Genetics and Pathogenesis

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pneumoviruses are single-stranded, negative-sense, nonsegmented RNA viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamily Pneumovirinae, and include pathogens that infect humans (respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus), domestic mammals (bovine, ovine, and caprine respiratory syncytial viruses), rodents (pneumonia virus of mice), and birds (avian metapneumovirus). Among the topics considered in this review are recent studies focused on the roles of the individual virus-encoded components in promoting virus replication as well as in altering and evading innate antiviral host defenses. Advances in the molecular technology of pneumoviruses and the emergence of recombinant pneumoviruses that are leading to improved virus-based vaccine formulations are also discussed. Since pneumovirus infection in natural hosts is associated with a profound inflammatory response that persists despite adequate antiviral therapy, we also review the recent experimental treatment strategies that have focused on combined antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory approaches

show abstract

Evaluation of the measurement of leukotriene B4 concentrations in exhaled condensate as a noninvasive method for assessing mediators of inflammation in the lungs of calves

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

An experimentally inducedChlamydiasuis infection in pigs results in severe lung function disorders and pulmonary inflammation

An experimentally inducedChlamydiasuis infection in pigs results in severe lung function disorders and pulmonary inflammation

Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions

Animal Pneumoviruses: Molecular Genetics and Pathogenesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About