“…Three EVs communicate with the TS-SS junction or SS: the mastoid EV (MEV), the petrosquamosal sinus and the posterior condylar EV. These veins are found in more than 80% ( Pekcevik et al, 2014 ; Gulmez Cakmak et al, 2019 ; Ozen and Sahin, 2020 ), 11.1% ( Pekala et al, 2018 ), and 76.5% ( Pekcevik et al, 2014 ) of the population, respectively, and their diameter varies from less than 1 mm to more than 5 mm. All three have been reported as causes of PT ( Lambert and Cantrell, 1986 ; Lee et al, 2013 ; Liu et al, 2013 ), and the sound may be totally eliminated after ligation.…”