Evaluation of the local value of the Earth gravity field in the context of the new definition of the kilogram

Baumann, Henri; Klingelé, E.; Eichenberger, A.; Richard, Philippe; Jeckelmann, B.

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/46/3/004

Cited by 24 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The determination of gravity for NIST-4 follows that of more thorough evaluations of gravity of other watt balance efforts [5][6][7][8] . Ties (the difference in gravity between two points) were measured between absolute measurement locations and the horizontal-plane position of the NIST-4 test mass along the vertical concentric symmetry axis of the permanent magnet used to generate the magnetic field for NIST-4.…”

Section: Watt Balances and The Local Acceleration Due To Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the measurements of the absolute value of g were performed intermittently, with corrections being applied for tidal, polar motion, and atmospheric effects during the operation of the watt balance. The determination of gravity for NIST-4 follows that of more thorough evaluations of gravity of other watt balance efforts [5][6][7][8] . Ties (the difference in gravity between two points) were measured between absolute measurement locations and the horizontal-plane position of the NIST-4 test mass along the vertical concentric symmetry axis of the permanent magnet used to generate the magnetic field for NIST-4.…”

Section: Watt Balances and The Local Acceleration Due To Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Determination of the Local Acceleration of Gravity for the NIST-4 Watt Balance

Leaman

Haddad

Seifert

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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A new watt balance is being constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in preparation for the redefinition of the International System of Units and the realization of mass through an exact value of the Planck constant. The total relative uncertainty goal for this instrument of a few parts in 10 8 requires that the local acceleration due to gravity be known at the location of a test mass with a relative uncertainty on the order of only a few parts in 10 9 . To make this determination, both the horizontal and vertical gradients of gravity must be known such that gravity may be tied from an absolute reference in the laboratory to the precise mass location. We describe the procedures used to model and measure gravity variations throughout the laboratory and give our results.

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Section: Watt Balances and The Local Acceleration Due To Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Watt Balances and The Local Acceleration Due To Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Determination of the Local Acceleration of Gravity for the NIST-4 Watt Balance

Leaman

Haddad

Seifert

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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“…The micro-gravity 3D-network at the BIPM was used to perform the absolute and relative gravity measurements as well as precision levelling measurements [17]. Moreover, such a three dimensional gravity mapping is fundamental in the watt balance experiment to transfer an absolute gravity g value to the centre of the test mass [18,23]. The goal of the experiment is to link the kilogram to the Planck constant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Gravity Measurement Campaign during the 8th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (2009)

et al. 2011

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The 8th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (ICAG-2009) and the associated Relative Gravity Campaign (RGC2009) took place at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) between July and October 2009. Altogether 24 institutes with 22 absolute gravimeters and 9 relative gravimeters participated in the ICAG/RGC campaign. Accurate absolute and relative gravity measurements as well as precision levelling measurements were performed on the micro-gravity 3D-grid at the BIPM. The 2009 comparison was the first to be organized as a Comité International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM)metrological Key Comparison under the CIPM MRA (Mutual Recognition Arrangement), which means that the result will be officially recognized by the governmental organizations responsible. As a consequence, the relative gravimeters employed were carefully selected and the measurement schedules were rigorously enforced compared to earlier campaigns. Thus the quality of the RGC2009 and the determination of the BIPM local gravity network were improved.After thirty years and eight successive ICAGs, the BIPM has decided to transfer its role to the National Metrological Institutes, although the CIPM will continue to organize the key comparison as ICAGs. The background to the RGC2009, and the organization, data processing and final results of the gravity and vertical gravity gradients are presented in this paper. This report is more detailed than previous final reports of the RGCs. Notation ICAG: International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters RGC: Relative Gravity Campaign organized in association with ICAG AG: absolute gravimeter RG: relative gravimeter KC: CIPM key comparison WB: BIPM watt balance 1 µGal = 10 -8 m s −2 g: measured absolute acceleration due to gravity in µGal (minus a constant value of 980 900 000 µGal) G: adjusted g value KCRV: KC reference value of G δg, δG: differences of g or G H: height in meters above the ground benchmark γ H : average gradient corresponding to the height H RMS: root mean square error given by a least-squares adjustment (1-σ statistic estimation) Mean: mean value of a data set Std: standard deviation u: standard uncertainty Site, Station and point: The BIPM gravity network comprises indoor and outdoor relative measurement ties between 5 sites (A, B, C1, C2 and WB) and 12 stations (Figures 2.2.1, A, B, B1-B6, C1, C2, W1 and W2). The WB site is used for the BIPM watt balance project. Results at the WB site are not discussed in this paper. This paper therefore is limited to 4 sites and 10 stations. At each station, 3 points are defined at 0.30 m, 0.90 m and 1.30 m above the ground benchmark (C1 and C2 have only 2 points at 0.90 m and 1.30 m). There are 28 points in total. Naming convention is by station plus height in cm, e.g. A.030, A.090 and A.130.

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“…The method, described in Ref. 13 monitors the time dependent variations of the Earth gravity field by using an absolute gravimeter and by establishing a three-dimensional model of the gravity field of the watt balance laboratory. The 3D model served to determine the difference in g between the absolute instrument and the point of measurement of the watt balance.…”

Section: The Watt Balance Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of high precision gravimetry in the context of a future new SI

Baumann

Eichenberger

2014

Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser.

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In the early eighties, the development of ballistic absolute gravimeters based on laser interferometer opened the doors to new research areas in various scientific domains such as geodesy, geophysics or metrology. After a brief overview of the most used technique for gravity measurements, the implication of gravity in the context of an improved SI, especially for a new definition of the mass unit kg, will be presented.

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Evaluation of the local value of the Earth gravity field in the context of the new definition of the kilogram

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

A Determination of the Local Acceleration of Gravity for the NIST-4 Watt Balance

A Determination of the Local Acceleration of Gravity for the NIST-4 Watt Balance

Relative Gravity Measurement Campaign during the 8th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (2009)

Impact of high precision gravimetry in the context of a future new SI

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