Evaluation of the left atrial appendage by real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for acute stroke patients

弘二, 田中; 政利, 古賀; 賢, 大山; 敬介, 徳永; 和明, 佐藤; 理恵子, 鈴木; 一夫, 峰松; 一則, 豊田

doi:10.3995/jstroke.36.260

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“…Long-term thromboembolic risk could be attributable to thrombus formation tendency in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Because patients with sustained AF have larger LAA size and severer LAA blood stasis (lower LAA ejection fraction) than those with paroxysmal AF, 20,21 cardiac clots in LAA are likely to grow in size and become organized in those with sustained AF when compared with those with paroxysmal AF. Therefore, patients with sustained AF seem to have a longterm higher risk of thromboembolism than those with paroxysmal AF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Risk of Ischemic Events in Secondary Prevention for Patients With Persistent Than Those With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Koga¹,

Yoshimura²,

Hasegawa³

et al. 2016

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-The discrimination between paroxysmal and sustained (persistent or permanent) atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been considered in the approach to secondary stroke prevention. We aimed to assess the differences in clinical outcomes between mostly anticoagulated patients with sustained and paroxysmal AF who had previous ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Methods-Using data from 1192 nonvalvular AF patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who were registered in the SAMURAI-NVAF study (Stroke Management With Urgent Risk-Factor Assessment and ImprovementNonvalvular AF; a prospective, multicenter, observational study), we divided patients into those with paroxysmal AF and those with sustained AF. We compared clinical outcomes between the 2 groups. Results-The median follow-up period was 1.8 (interquartile range, 0.93-2.0) years. Of the 1192 patients, 758(336 women; 77.9±9.9 years old) and 434 (191 women; 77.3±10.0 years old) were assigned to the sustained AF group and paroxysmal AF groups, respectively. After adjusting for sex, age, previous anticoagulation, and initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, sustained AF was negatively associated with 3-month independence (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.87; P=0.006). The annual rate of stroke or systemic embolism was 8.3 and 4.6 per 100 person-years, respectively (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-3.14) and that of major bleeding events was 3.4 and 3.1, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-2.08). Conclusions-Among patients with previous ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, those with sustained AF had a higher risk of stroke or systemic embolism compared with those with paroxysmal AF. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01581502.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%