Evaluation of the Laguerre–Gaussian mode purity produced by three-dimensional-printed microwave spiral phase plates

Isakov, Dmitry; Wu, Yingwei; Allen, Ben; Grant, Patrick S.; Stevens, Chris; Gibbons, Gregory John

doi:10.1098/rsos.200493

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(57 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Section: A Spiral Phase Plate (Spp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have been conducted to generate OAM waves for radio frequency communication using the SPP method [40], [41]. The authors [40] proposed three different 3D-printed SPP designs to generate OAM mode 1 at 18 GHz. The three plates were of different designs and structures such as smoothly varying thickness, staircase structure, and flat with gradient refractive index.…”

Section: A Spiral Phase Plate (Spp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The receiver easily distinguished the different OAM-modes without requiring any additional signal processing resources. [42] The literature review indicates that the SPP method is mostly used for higher frequencies, such as 18 GHz [40] and 28 GHz [41]. For future wireless communication system which includes the usage higher frequencies such as millimeter wave, the frequency is much lower than the suitable operating frequency to use the SPP method except for 28 GHz.…”

Section: A Spiral Phase Plate (Spp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review of Orbital Angular Momentum Vortex Waves for the Next Generation Wireless Communications

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The next-generation wireless technology that can fulfill such a demand, namely the fifthgeneration (5G) technology, should provide 1000 times larger capacity. Moreover, sixth-generation (6G) communication, which represents a significant upgrade from the fifth-generation (5G) network and is anticipated to operate from 100 GHz to 3 THz band, will be required in the years after 2030 due to newly developed data-hungry applications and the greatly expanded wireless network. To meet the ever-growing demands of wireless carriers, an efficient wireless access method that can improve wireless area throughput without expanding bandwidth or cell size is required. Radio Frequency (RF) Orbital Angular Momentum vortex waves (which is now on referred to as OAM waves) to address the concerns mentioned above have attracted much attention in recent years. Due to their orthogonality, different OAM waves of different modes can be multiplexed in the same frequency channel, which can greatly increase the channel capacity. Using the orthogonal modes, a new type of multiple access scheme known as Mode Domain Multiple Access (MDMA) can be used by multiple users using the same frequency channel without additional resources such as frequency and time. As a result, the channel capacity for the next generation wireless communication systems can be enhanced as well as the overall spectrum efficiency can be improved. This review paper begins with an overview of the next generation communication such as 5G communication technology and beyond. This paper first briefly discusses the theory of OAM waves and several methods to generate OAM waves. Various different designs have also been analyzed for their ability to generate OAM waves and discussion on several restrictions and solutions to resolve. Open concerns and development trends are discussed for possible future RF OAM antenna upgrades. This study also proposes that for next generation wireless communication employing OAM, the typically used Uniform Circular Array (UCA) could be paired with the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) system to improve performance in dense or urban areas for multiusers. In addition, the purity of OAM-modes needs to be considered for efficient utilization of the OAM system for future communications at the radio domain.INDEX TERMS Orbital angular momentum (OAM) waves, uniform circular array antenna, 5G communication systems, antenna review paper, future wireless communication survey. I. INTRODUCTIONAdvances in mobile communications have significantly impacted economic and social growth over the past few decades. There have been noteworthy improvements with every generation of communication technology in terms of data rate, channel capacity, advanced applications such as video call, real-time health monitoring and so on. Based on the survey [1], it all started in the 1980s with the first generation (1G) technology, which mainly employed analog signals for voice services. The data rate was up to 2.4 Kbps.

show abstract

Section: A Spiral Phase Plate (Spp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Spiral Phase Plate (Spp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Spiral Phase Plate (Spp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review of Orbital Angular Momentum Vortex Waves for the Next Generation Wireless Communications

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An SPP is the simplest device for manipulating OAM modes at millimeter frequencies. An SPP is a dielectric slab of material with an azimuthally reliant on thickness that causes incident radiation to undergo an azimuthal phase change [ 79 , 80 ]. The SPP’s total step height, h , is selected so that the total phase change around the SPP’s center is an integer multiple of 2π l , where l is an integer.…”

Section: Oam Emitters Based On Diffractive Optic Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Generation and Detection of Orbital Angular Momentum Optical Beams—A Review

Fatkhiev

Butt

Grakhova

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herein, we have discussed three major methods which have been generally employed for the generation of optical beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM). These methods include the practice of diffractive optics elements (DOEs), metasurfaces (MSs), and photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for the production of in-plane and out-of-plane OAM. This topic has been significantly evolved as a result; these three methods have been further implemented efficiently by different novel approaches which are discussed as well. Furthermore, development in the OAM detection techniques has also been presented. We have tried our best to bring novel and up-to-date information to the readers on this interesting and widely investigated topic.

show abstract

“…The vortex electromagnetic wave technology offers a fresh approach to the problems of channel congestion and insufficient spectrum resource use. Spiral reflectors [ 14 , 15 ], antenna arrays [ 1 , 16 ], spiral phase plates [ 17 , 18 ], and metasurfaces [ 19 , 20 ] can all produce vortex waves. However, only a single OAM mode of vortex wave may be realized for antennas with a certain configuration; therefore, vortex wave multiplexing cannot be realized well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fast Design Method of Anisotropic Dielectric Lens for Vortex Electromagnetic Wave Based on Deep Learning

Liang

Zhang²,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has made it possible to regulate classical waves in novel ways, which is more energy- or information-efficient than conventional plane wave technology. This work aims to realize the transition of antenna radiation mode through the rapid design of an anisotropic dielectric lens. The deep learning neural network (DNN) is used to train the electromagnetic properties of dielectric cell structures. Nine variable parameters for changing the dielectric unit structure are present in the input layer of the DNN network. The trained network can predict the transmission phase of the unit cell structure with greater than 98% accuracy within a specific range. Then, to build the corresponding relationship between the phase and the parameters, the gray wolf optimization algorithm is applied. In less than 0.3 s, the trained network can predict the transmission coefficients of the 31 × 31 unit structure in the arrays with great accuracy. Finally, we provide two examples of neural network-based rapid anisotropic dielectric lens design. Dielectric lenses produce the OAM modes +1, −1, and −1, +2 under TE and TM wave irradiation, respectively. This approach resolves the difficult phase matching and time-consuming design issues associated with producing a dielectric lens.

show abstract

Evaluation of the Laguerre–Gaussian mode purity produced by three-dimensional-printed microwave spiral phase plates

Cited by 20 publications

References 43 publications

A Review of Orbital Angular Momentum Vortex Waves for the Next Generation Wireless Communications

A Review of Orbital Angular Momentum Vortex Waves for the Next Generation Wireless Communications

Recent Advances in Generation and Detection of Orbital Angular Momentum Optical Beams—A Review

A Fast Design Method of Anisotropic Dielectric Lens for Vortex Electromagnetic Wave Based on Deep Learning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About