Evaluation of the internalization process of the fish pathogen <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> in cultured fish cells

González, Margarita P.; Sánchez, F Velasco; Concha, Miguel; Figueroa, Jaime; Montecinos, M. I.; León, Gloria

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999.00160.x

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Subsequent detection occurred in the southern regions of the country in other host species, including rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) and Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), the most widely farmed salmonid in Chile. This Gram‐positive bacterium can be internalized into macrophages and non‐phagocytic cells, such as the cell lines CHSE‐214 and RTG‐2 (González et al, ; McIntosh, Meaden, & Austin, ). Immediately following the in vitro infection of macrophages, R. salmoninarum stimulates a respiratory burst, which rapidly becomes exhausted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renibacterium salmoninarum iron‐acquisition mechanisms and ASK cell line infection: Virulence and immune response

Bethke

Arias‐Muñoz

Yáñez

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Renibacterium salmoninarum is the aetiological agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid farms. This pathogen possesses at least three iron‐acquisition mechanisms, but the link between these mechanisms and virulence is unclear. Therefore, this study used RT‐qPCR to assess the effects of normal and iron‐limited conditions on iron‐uptake genes controlled by IdeR and related to iron acquisition in Chilean R. salmoninarum strain H‐2 and the type strain DSM20767T. Further evaluated was the in vitro immune‐related response of the Atlantic Salmon Kidney (ASK) cell line, derived from the primary organ affected by BKD. R. salmoninarum grown under iron‐limited conditions overexpressed genes involved in haemin uptake and siderophore transport, with overexpression significantly higher in H‐2 than DSM20767T. These overexpressed genes resulted in higher cytotoxicity and an increased immune response (i.e., TNF‐α, IL‐1β, TLR1 and INF‐γ) in the ASK cell line. This response was significantly higher against bacteria grown under iron‐limited conditions, especially H‐2. These observations indicate that iron‐acquisition mechanisms are possibly highly related to the virulence and pathogenic capacity of R. salmoninarum. In conclusion, treatments that block iron‐uptake mechanisms or siderophore synthesis are attractive therapeutic approaches for treating R. salmoninarum, which causes significant aquaculture losses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renibacterium salmoninarum iron‐acquisition mechanisms and ASK cell line infection: Virulence and immune response

Bethke

Arias‐Muñoz

Yáñez

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…The intracellular behaviour of GroEL could have key functions in infection and disease development ( McIntosh et al. 1996 ; González et al. 1999 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Renibacterium salmoninarum can be internalized into macrophages and nonphagocytic cells, such as in the cell lines CHSE-214 and RTG-2 ( McIntosh et al. 1996 ; González et al. 1999 ), where bacteria produce putative virulence factors and replicate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Two Chilean Renibacterium salmoninarum Isolates and the Type Strain ATCC 33209T

Bethke

Yáñez

Avendaño‐Herrera

2018

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Renibacterium salmoninarum, a slow-growing facultative intracellular pathogen belonging to the high C + G content Actinobacteria phylum, is the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease, a progressive granulomatous infection affecting salmonids worldwide. This Gram-positive bacterium has existed in the Chilean salmonid industry for >30 years, but little or no information is available regarding the virulence mechanisms and genomic characteristics of Chilean isolates. In this study, the genomes of two Chilean isolates (H-2 and DJ2R) were sequenced, and a search was conducted for genes and proteins involved in virulence and pathogenicity, and we compare with the type strain ATCC 33209 T genome. The genome sizes of H-2 and DJ2R are 3,155,332 bp and 3,155,228 bp, respectively. They genomes presented six ribosomal RNA, 46 transcription RNA, and 25 noncodingRNA, and both had the same 56.27% G + C content described for the type strain ATCC 33209 T. A total of 3,522 and 3,527 coding sequences were found for H-2 and DJ2R, respectively. Meanwhile, the ATCC 33209 T type strain had 3,519 coding sequences. The in silico genome analysis revealed a genes related to tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, iron transport and others metabolic pathway. Also, the data indicated that R salmoninarum may have a variety of possible virulence-factor and antibiotic-resistance strategies. Interestingly, many of genes had high identities with Mycobacterium species, a known pathogenic Actinobacteria bacterium. In summary, this study provides the first insights into and initial steps towards understanding the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance, virulence mechanisms and host/environment adaptation in two Chilean R. salmoninarum isolates that contain proteins of which were similar to those of Mycobacterium. Furthermore, important information is presented that could facilitate the development of preventive and treatment measures against R. salmoninarum in Chile and worldwide.

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“…Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is one of the most prevalent diseases among cultured salmonid ¢sh. Its etiological agent, Renibacterium salmoninarum, is a slow-growing and poorly characterized Gram-positive bacterium, which is internalized both in vivo and in vitro into the host cells [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning, functional expression and partial characterization of the glucose kinase from Renibacterium salmoninarum

Concha

2000

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The complete glcK gene from the fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum, encoding a glucose kinase, was analyzed and expressed. The partial characterization of the recombinant enzyme confirmed that it belongs to a group of glucose kinases involved in carbon catabolite repression. Multiple sequence alignments were used to deduce a new consensus sequence for this family of bacterial proteins, characterized by several conserved Cys residues. This sequence was more specific and allowed the detection of the first eukaryotic protein of this family. The recombinant enzyme was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide and the substrates protected the enzyme from this inhibition, suggesting the presence of Cys residues in or close to the active site. ß

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Evaluation of the internalization process of the fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum in cultured fish cells

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Renibacterium salmoninarum iron‐acquisition mechanisms and ASK cell line infection: Virulence and immune response

Renibacterium salmoninarum iron‐acquisition mechanisms and ASK cell line infection: Virulence and immune response

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Two Chilean Renibacterium salmoninarum Isolates and the Type Strain ATCC 33209T

Cloning, functional expression and partial characterization of the glucose kinase from Renibacterium salmoninarum

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