Evaluation of the inhibitory effects of miltefosine on the growth of Babesia and Theileria parasites

AbouLaila, Mahmoud; Batadoj, Davasorin; Salama, Akram; Munkhjargal, Tserendorj; Ichikawa‐Seki, Madoka; Terkawi, Mohammad A.; Yokoyama, Naoki; Igarashi, Ikuo

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.05.023

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…IC50 values of myrrh oil for Babesia species and T. equi were nearly similar to epoxomicin [19]. Interestingly, IC50 values of myrrh oil for Babesia species and T. equi were lower than those of quinuronium sulfate [20], imidocarb dipropionate [21], heparin [22], curdlan sulfate [23], triclosan [24], (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate [25], nerolidol [26], ciprofloxacin [27], fusidic acid [28], miltefosine [29], allicin [30], N-acetyl-L-cysteine [31], and thymoquinone [32]. Additionally, the IC50 value of myrrh oil for B. divergens was lower than those of fluoroquinolones, including enrofloxacin, enoxacin, trovafloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Myrrh Oil in Vitro Inhibitory Growth on Bovine and Equine Piroplasm Parasites and Babesia microti of Mice

et al. 2020

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The present experimental study was conducted for the assessment of the efficacy of in vitro inhibition of myrrh oil on the propagation of Babesia bovis, B. divergens, B. bigemina, Theileria equi, and B. caballi and in vivo efficacy on B. microti in mice through fluorescence assay based on SYBR green I. The culture of B. divergens B. bovis and was used to evaluate the in vitro possible interaction between myrrh oil and other commercial compound, such as pyronaridine tetraphosphate (PYR), diminazene aceturate (DA), or luteolin. Nested-polymerase chain reaction protocol using primers of the small-subunit rRNA of B. microti was employed to detect any remnants of DNA for studied parasitic species either in blood or tissues. Results elucidated that; Myrrh oil significantly inhibit the growth at 1% of parasitic blood level for all bovine and equine piroplasm under the study. Parasitic regrowth was inhibited subsequently by viability test at 2 µg/mL for B. bigemina and B. bovis, and there was a significant improvement in the in vitro growth inhibition by myrrh oil when combined with DA, PYR, and luteolin. At the same time; mice treated with a combination of myrrh oil/DA showed a higher inhibition in emitted fluorescence signals than the group that challenged with 25 mg/kg of diminazene aceturate at 10 and 12 days post-infection. In conclusion, this study has recommended the myrrh oil to treat animal piroplasmosis, especially in combination with low doses of DA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Some herbs were evaluated against babesiosis and theileriosis in vitro, such as green tea, black tea, hibiscus, cinnamon, and peppermint [34], and flavonoids isolated from the flowers of Pulsatilla flavescens [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myrrh Oil in Vitro Inhibitory Growth on Bovine and Equine Piroplasm Parasites and Babesia microti of Mice

et al. 2020

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“…Additionally, 13.6 g of hypoxanthine (MP Biomedicals, LLC, Santa Ana, CA, USA) per ml was added to T. equi cultures as a vital supplement. TES [N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid]-hemisodium salt (229 mg/ml) (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to bovine Babesia parasite cultures as a pH stabilizer (pH 7.2) (16). In vitro cultures were incubated at 37°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2 , 5% O 2 , and 90% N 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in the morphologies of treated Babesia and Theileria parasites were compared with the control by using light microscopy. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values were calculated on the third day of in vitro culture by interpolation using the curve-fitting technique (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clofazimine Inhibits the Growth of Babesia and Theileria Parasites In Vitro and In Vivo

Tuvshintulga

AbouLaila

Davaasuren

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The present study evaluated the growth-inhibitory effects of clofazimine, currently used for treating leprosy, against Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi, and Theileria equi in in vitro culture and against Babesia microti in mice. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 s) of clofazimine against the in vitro growth of B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi, and T. equi were 4.5, 3, 4.3, and 0.29 M, respectively. In mice infected with B. microti, treatment with 20 mg/kg of body weight of clofazimine administered orally resulted in a significantly lower peak parasitemia (5.3%) than that in the control group (45.9%), which was comparable to the subcutaneous administration of 25 mg/kg diminazene aceturate, the most widely used treatment for animal piroplasmosis. Although slight anemia was observed in both clofazimine-and diminazene aceturate-treated infected mice, the level and duration of anemia were lower and shorter, respectively, than those in untreated infected mice. Using blood transfusions and PCR, we also examined whether clofazimine completely killed B. microti. On day 40 postinfection, when blood analysis was performed, parasites were not found in blood smears; however, the DNA of B. microti was detected in the blood of clofaziminetreated animals and in several tissues of clofazimine-and diminazene aceturate-treated mice by PCR. The growth of parasites was observed in mice after blood transfusions from clofazimine-treated mice. In conclusion, clofazimine showed excellent inhibitory effects against Babesia and Theileria in vitro and in vivo, and further study on clofazimine is required for the future development of a novel chemotherapy with high efficacy and safety against animal piroplasmosis and, possibly, human babesiosis.

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The alkylphospholipid edelfosine shows activity against Strongyloides venezuelensis and induces apoptosis-like cell death

et al. 2016

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Strongyloidiasis is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical areas. Ivermectin is the drug of choice for the treatment. However, the concerns about relying treatment on a single drug make identification of new molecules a priority. Alkylphospholipid analogues, including edelfosine, are a group of synthetic compounds that have shown activity against some parasites. The objective was to assess the in vitro and in vivo activity of edelfosine, miltefosine, perifosine against Strongyloides venezuelensis. Moreover, apoptosis-like mechanism in larvae after treatment was studied. Edelfosine displayed the highest activity and the best selectivity index (LD50=49.6 ± 5.4μM, SI=1.1) compared to miltefosine or perifosine. Third stage larvae after culture with edelfosine were not able to develop an infection in mice. Treatment of mice with edelfosine showed reduction of 47% in parasitic females allocated in the gut. Moreover, DNA fragmentation was observed by TUNEL staining in larvae treated with edelfosine. These results suggest that edelfosine could be an effective drug against strongyloidiasis, probably through induction of apoptosis-like cell death.

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Evaluation of the inhibitory effects of miltefosine on the growth of Babesia and Theileria parasites

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Myrrh Oil in Vitro Inhibitory Growth on Bovine and Equine Piroplasm Parasites and Babesia microti of Mice

Myrrh Oil in Vitro Inhibitory Growth on Bovine and Equine Piroplasm Parasites and Babesia microti of Mice

Clofazimine Inhibits the Growth of Babesia and Theileria Parasites In Vitro and In Vivo

The alkylphospholipid edelfosine shows activity against Strongyloides venezuelensis and induces apoptosis-like cell death

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