Evaluation of the Individual and Combined Toxicity of Fumonisin Mycotoxins in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells

Yu, Song; Jia, Bingxuan; Liu, Na; Yu, Dianzhen; Wu, Aibo

doi:10.3390/ijms21165917

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…FB 1 is a highly toxic low molecular weight fusarium mycotoxin. [22]. It has speciesspecific toxicity that threatens the health of humans and animals [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumonisin B1 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Decreases Barrier Function of Swine Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2021

Toxins

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The fumonisins are a group of common mycotoxins found around the world that mainly contaminate maize. As environmental toxins, they pose a threat to human and animal health. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most widely distributed and the most toxic. FB1 can cause pulmonary edema in pigs. However, the current toxicity mechanism of fumonisins is still in the exploratory stage, which may be related to sphingolipid metabolism. Our study is designed to investigate the effect of FB1 on the cell proliferation and barrier function of swine umbilical vein endothelial cells (SUVECs). We show that FB1 can inhibit the cell viability of SUVECs. FB1 prevents cells from entering the S phase from the G1 phase by regulating the expression of the cell cycle-related genes cyclin B1, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, Cdc25c, and the cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (CDK-4). This results in an inhibition of cell proliferation. In addition, FB1 can also change the cell morphology, increase paracellular permeability, destroy tight junctions and the cytoskeleton, and reduce the expression of tight junction-related genes Claudin 1, Occludin, and ZO-1. This indicates that FB1 can cause cell barrier dysfunction of SUVECs and promote the weakening or even destruction of the connections between endothelial cells. In turn, this leads to increased blood vessel permeability and promotes exudation. Our findings suggest that FB1 induces toxicity in SUVECs by affecting cell proliferation and disrupting the barrier function.

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“…FB 1 is a highly toxic low molecular weight fusarium mycotoxin. [22]. It has speciesspecific toxicity that threatens the health of humans and animals [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumonisin B1 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Decreases Barrier Function of Swine Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2021

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This notion was also demonstrated by Hou et al, who found that FB1 was through mTORC1 to mediate autophagy induced nephrotoxicity [ 74 ]. The expression level of glucose regulatory protein 78 (Bip), activated transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) was also significantly elevated in HepG2 cells [ 75 ]. It has been suggested that this is due to the activation of the PERK-CHOP signaling pathway by FB1, which induces apoptosis [ 76 ].…”

Section: Toxic Mechanism Of Fb1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been found that at a concentration of 400 ppb, it causes peroxidation of intestinal cell lines, and elevated concentrations cause changes in mucosal concentrations as well as inflammation, but normal food contains 31.5–74.2 ppb of FB1, so it hardly causes intestinal problems in the normal daily diet [ 144 ]. In experiments using a human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) as an in vitro model, FB1 was found to significantly reduce cell viability, increase membrane leakage, cell death, and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, resulting in gastrointestinal injury [ 75 ]. Recent studies have shown that the endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated PERK-CHOP signaling pathway plays a key role in FB1 damage to GES-1 [ 76 ].…”

Section: Toxic Effects Of Fb1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Fumonisin B1 Contamination and Toxicity: A Review

et al. 2021

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Fumonisin B1 (FB1), belonging to the member of fumonisins, is one of the most toxic mycotoxins produced mainly by Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium verticillioide. FB1 has caused extensive contamination worldwide, mainly in corn, rice, wheat, and their products, while it also poses a health risk and is toxic to animals and human. It has been shown to cause oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular autophagy, and apoptosis. This review focuses on the current stage of FB1 contamination, its toxic effects of acute toxicity, immunotoxicity, organ toxicity, and reproductive toxicity on animals and humans. The potential toxic mechanisms of FB1 are discussed. One of the main aims of the work is to provide a reliable reference strategy for understanding the occurrence and toxicity of FB1.

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“…These toxic compounds pose health risks such as carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic, nephrotoxic, and hepatotoxic effects in humans and animals, and they also have the potential to cause enormous economic losses in agriculture [12,13]. For example, FBs can induce sphingolipid metabolism disorders and activate ER stress to cause gastrointestinal damage; DON causes acute/temporary nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, and fever in animals and humans; and ZEN causes hormonal imbalances in the body, which can lead to numerous diseases of the reproductive system such as prostate, ovarian, cervical, or breast cancers [14][15][16]. In particular, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified DON, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and ZEN as possible human carcinogens (Group 3); FBs and ochratoxin A (OTA) as human carcinogens (Group 2B); and AF as a human carcinogen (Group 1) [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the QuEChERS-Based Analytical Method for Investigation of 11 Mycotoxin Residues in Feed Ingredients and Compound Feeds

Seo¹,

Jang²,

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are toxic substances naturally produced by various fungi, and these compounds not only inflict economic damage, but also pose risks to human and animal health. The goal of the present study was to optimize the QuEChERS-based extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the analysis of 11 mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FBs), T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON), commonly found in feed. The QuEChERS method, characterized by being “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe”, has become one of the most common extractions and clean-up procedures for mycotoxin analyses in food. Therefore, in this experiment, an optimal method for the analysis of 11 mycotoxins in feed was established by modifying the general QuEChERS method. In this process, it was confirmed that even if feed samples of different weights were extracted, the quantitative value of mycotoxins in the feed was not affected. To reduce matrix effects, 13C-labeled compounds and deuterium were used as internal standards. This optimized method was then applied in the determination of 11 mycotoxins in 736 feed ingredients and compound feeds obtained from South Korea. The results showed that the occurrence rates of FBs, ZEN, and DON were 59.4%, 38.0%, and 32.1%, respectively, and OTA, AFs, and T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin were found in fewer than 1% of the 736 feeds. The mean concentration ranges of FBs, ZEN, and DON were 757–2387, 44–4552, and 248–9680 μg/kg, respectively. Among the samples in which DON and ZEN were detected, 10 and 12 samples exceeded the management recommendation standards presented by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA). However, when the detected concentrations of DON and ZEN were compared with guideline levels in foreign countries, such as the US, Japan, China, and the EU, the number of positive samples changed. In addition, the co-occurrence of mycotoxins in the feed was analyzed, and the results showed that 43.8% of the samples were contaminated with two or three mycotoxins, among which the co-occurrence rate of FBs, ZEN, and DON was the highest. In conclusion, these results suggest the need for stricter management standards for FBs, DON, and ZEN in South Korea, and emphasize the importance of the continuous monitoring of feeds.

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Evaluation of the Individual and Combined Toxicity of Fumonisin Mycotoxins in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells

Cited by 31 publications

References 53 publications

Fumonisin B1 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Decreases Barrier Function of Swine Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Fumonisin B1 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Decreases Barrier Function of Swine Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Research Progress on Fumonisin B1 Contamination and Toxicity: A Review

Optimization of the QuEChERS-Based Analytical Method for Investigation of 11 Mycotoxin Residues in Feed Ingredients and Compound Feeds

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