“…We relied on delta‐Gamma GLMMs because the yellow croaker biomass catch rate data that we employed in this study included many zeros (Thorson, Shelton, Ward, & Skaug, 2015). In other words, we first fitted a binomial GLMM to encounter/non‐encounter data for yellow croaker, then fitted a Gamma GLMM to positive biomass catch rate data, and finally multiplied the predictions of the binomial and Gamma GLMMs to obtain final biomass density estimates for yellow croaker (Grüss, Walter, et al, 2019; Lo, Jacobson, & Squire, 1992). The spatio‐temporal delta‐Gamma GLMMs were implemented using R package “VAST” (Grüss, Rose, Justić, & Wang, 2020; Grüss, Thorson, et al, 2020; Thorson, 2019a), which is publicly available online (https://github.com/James-Thorson-NOAA/VAST).…”