Evaluation of the impact of the exposure route on the human kinetic adjustment factor

Valcke, Mathieu; Krishnan, Kannan

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.10.008

Cited by 40 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Detectable hair nicotine in subjects exposed to minimal tobacco smoke may occur because of increased systemic absorption through multiple routes in the young child. 25 Nicotine absorption may be greater in children with higher respiratory rates, as found in children with BPD. Increased nicotine absorption through dermal and oral routes by thirdhand smoke exposure may also contribute to higher hair nicotine levels in children with BPD.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Hair Nicotine Levels in Children With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) may increase respiratory morbidities in young children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Rapid respiratory rates, close proximity to a smoking caregiver, and increased dermal absorption of tobacco smoke components can contribute to systemic exposure. In this study, hair nicotine levels were used as a biomarker of chronic TSE in young children with BPD to determine if hair nicotine levels correlate with caregiver self-report of TSE and respiratory morbidities.METHODS: From 2012 to 2014, hair nicotine levels were measured from consecutive children seen in a BPD outpatient clinic and compared with caregiver questionnaires on household smoking. The relationship between respiratory morbidities and self-reported TSE or hair nicotine level was assessed. RESULTS:The mean hair nicotine level from 117 children was 3.1 6 13.2 ng/mg. Hair nicotine levels were significantly higher in children from smoking households by caregiver self-report compared with caregivers who reported no smoking (8.2 6 19.7 ng/mg vs 1.8 6 10.7; P , .001). In households that reported smoking, hair nicotine levels were higher in children with a primary caregiver who smoked compared with a primary caregiver who did not smoke. Among children with BPD who required respiratory support (n = 50), a significant association was found between higher log hair nicotine levels and increased hospitalizations and limitation of activity.CONCLUSIONS: Chronic TSE is common in children with BPD, with hair nicotine levels being more likely to detect TSE than caregiver self-report. Hair nicotine levels were also a better predictor of hospitalization and activity limitation in children with BPD who required respiratory support at outpatient presentation. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Little is known about the impact of tobacco smoke exposure on preterm children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. It is essential to understand how environmental exposures, such as tobacco smoke, influence respiratory morbidities in this vulnerable population. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Chronic tobacco smoke exposure is common in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In children who required home respiratory support, hair nicotine levels were a better predictor of hospitalization and activity limitation than caregiver self-report.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Hair Nicotine Levels in Children With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

et al. 2015

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“…The second detectable increase, 24 h later, could be linked to dermal absorption [7] of a small part of the pesticide applied. This may explain the different intensity of the two times of excretions with different absorption rates of the pesticide [8]. This is a crucial element to consider in toxicokinetic studies; and to our knowledge we reported it for the first time for GBH human exposures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Glyphosate Exposure in a Farmer’s Family

Mesnage¹,

Mœsch²,

Grand³

et al. 2012

JEP

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We tested the presence of glyphosate in the urines of a farmer who sprayed a glyphosate based herbicide on his land, and in his family, as his children were born with birth defects that could be due to or promoted by pesticides. Glyphosate residues were measured in urines a day before, during, and two days after spraying, by liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Glyphosate reached a peak of 9.5 µg/L in the farmer after spraying, and 2 µg/L were found in him and in one of his children living at a distance from the field, two days after the pulverization. Oral or dermal absorptions could explain the differential pesticide excretions, even in family members at a distance from the fields. A more detailed following of agricultural practices and family exposures should be advocated together with information and recommendations.

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“…Valcke and Krishnan, 2011). This would remove some of the uncertainty associated with extrapolating external doses from experimental animals to human exposure levels.…”

Section: Extrapolation Of Dose-response Relationship To Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%