Evaluation of the impact of anthropogenic activities on arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in seafood from the Gulf of Naples, Italy

Abstract

The principal aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of some metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish and mussels from the Gulf of Naples. A comparison with previous researches of the same area was carried out, and the intakes of these compounds through the diet and their effect on the tolerable intake values (when available) were assessed. Cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) were detected by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy (Cd, Cr, and Pb); arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) were detected by applying the hydride method. PAHs were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Widespread contamination was found. Among the metals, Hg showed the highest maximum levels of 284.94 ng/g wet weight (ww) in fish and 480.00 ng/g ww in mussels. Chrysene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, anthracene, and benzo[k]fluoranthene were the most common PAHs in fish, whereas benzo[a]anthracene, pyrene, phenanthrene, acenaphthylene, and acenaphthene were the most frequently occurring compounds in mussels. The concentrations of As, Cr, Hg, Pb, and PAHs in fish were found to decrease over a period of 30 years, whereas the Cd levels remained constant. The Hg, Pb, and PAH levels in mussels increased over the period 2010 to 2016. Finally, the average consumption of mussels led to the highest effect on the Tolerable Daily Intake of Hg, which was exceeded by 19%.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic, chromium and lead in warty crab (Eriphia verrucosa): occurrence and risk assessment

“…The heavy metal analysis carried out in this study showed low levels of Pb and Cr but a high presence of As in crab muscles samples. Interestingly and contrary to what was observed for PAHs, the heavy metal levels found in the crabs were higher than those found in fish and mussels coming from the same marine area (Fasano et al 2018) showing that these organisms, as also described by other authors, can bioaccumulate toxic elements in their tissues when they live in polluted environment (Perry et al 2015;Karar et al 2019;Bordon et al 2020). Pb was detected at low levels in the crabs from both sampling sites resulting below MLs established in muscle meat of crustaceans (0.5 μg g -1 ww) by the Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 and its amendment (Commission Regulation (EU) No 420/2011, 2011).…”

“…In order to obtain more data on the bioaccumulation of PAHs in crustaceans from the coasts of the Campania region and the health risks for the population that consumes this food, the concentrations found in this study were compared with those reported by other authors that investigated this marine area. From comparing, the PAH levels detected in warty crabs resulted lower than the levels found in other fish and seafood species (Fasano et al 2018 ; Fiorito et al 2019 ).…”

An Overview of Cadmium, Chromium, and Lead Content in Bivalves Consumed by the Community of Santa Rosa Island (Ecuador) and Its Health Risk Assessment

“…Location E4 is farther away from the community and belongs to the "La Caleta" estuary riverbed. The trace metal contamination is assumed to be from the natural composition of soils and erosion (Soborino-Figueroa et al, 2007;Aouini et al, 2018;Arumugam et al, 2018;Fasano et al, 2018), There is also illegal mining in localities upstream of river beds that flow into the area (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, 2016). Also, the inadequate management of household waste, incorrect final disposal of fuels for the repair of boats and outboard motors, pollutants that are dumped directly into the mangrove (Echeverría, 2019).…”

Genomic analysis and proteomic response of the chromium‐resistant and phenanthrene‐degrading strain Streptomyces sp. MC1

“…The presence of heavy metals in the environment is often indicative of inorganic contamination while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAs) are related to organic contamination. Among heavy metals and PHAs, chromium and phenanthrene, respectively, are examples of frequent contaminants and they are often used as model to study bioremediation processes (Hu et al 2016;Chen et al 2018;Fasano et al 2018). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov) established a maximum contaminant level of 0Á2 parts per billion (ppb) for PHAs and 100 ppb for total chromium.…”

“…2018; Fasano et al . 2018). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (http://www.epa.gov) established a maximum contaminant level of 0·2 parts per billion (ppb) for PHAs and 100 ppb for total chromium.…”