“…At present, owing to the increasing impact of the development of intermittent renewable energy sources on-grid operation, scholars from various countries have conducted extensive research on the influence of EVs on the power grid when participating in the auxiliary service market. 19,20 Yang et al 21 proposed an index system and adopted a calculation method to evaluate the impact of large-scale EV load on the economic value of power systems from three perspectives: construction economy, operation economy, and social economy, and they analyzed the impact of different charging modes on the grid. Jing et al 22 analyzed the influence of large-scale EV charging behavior on the load curves of a power grid based on the Monte Carlo method, which considered the price policy, charging modes of EVs, and that of the grid and nongrid agents.…”