Evaluation of the impact of combustion hydrogen addition on operating properties

Abstract

Article citation info: (*) Tekst artykułu w polskiej wersji językowej dostępny w elektronicznym wydaniu kwartalnika na stronie www.ein.org.pl IntroductionFuelling hydrogen internal combustion engines (HYICE) with hydrogen is presently the subject matter of numerous research & development works. According to paper [5] it is a temporary solution before projected fuel cells are implemented, which aims to prepare for and put into operation hydrogen storage and distribution infrastructure. Mainly spark-ignition engines are adapted for hydrogen fuelling but it is also possible to adjust self-ignition engines for hydrogen fuelling.Hydrogen supply IC engine fuel should be considered depending on the type of diesel cycle:The use of hydrogen alone or as an addition to gasoline or 1.LPG and methane in spark-ignition engines; The use of hydrogen as an addition to diesel oil in self-ignition 2.engines. Hydrogen in spark-ignition engines.An analysis of the impact of hydrogen used as basic fuel [3, 4] proved that:it is possible to achieve efficiency at a level similar or higher -than in case of a conventional engine fuelled with gasoline with limited engine power; high emission of nitrogen oxides in exhaust (fuel contains no -carbon compounds producing toxic substances).An analysis of impact of use of hydrogen as an addition to hydrocarbon fuel [1,8,13,15] proved that: it is possible to achieve efficiency similar to that of a conven--tional engine fuelled with gasoline with slightly limited engine power, CO and HC emissions decrease, whereas the emission of NO -X increases and thermal efficiency grows when poor mixtures are used.Hydrogen IC engines are based on the technology of spark ignition piston engines and after some modifications may be used fuelled both with conventional fuels as well as with hydrogen [5]. In the papers [3,4], authors refer to pre-ignition hydrogen as one of the main problems in applying hydrogen in piston engines with spark ignition. According to the authors the basic causes for pre-ignition include: low energy of hydrogen ignition (0,02 mJ), -wide range of combustion limits 4%-75% v/v, -small critical distance for flame propagation. -As regards the effects of pre-ignition the authors point to:lower efficiency of engine, -engine roughness work, -possibility that flame moves to the inlet duct. -Because small gasoline engines operate with a slightly richer mixture and do not have a catalytic reactor, their fuel consumption and emissions are very high. When gasoline engines are fuelled with hydrogen only, emission of NO X increases and the flame often retreats to the inlet system [8].KruczyńsKi s, ŚlęzAK m, Gis W, OrlińsKi P. Evaluation of the impact of combustion hydrogen addition on operating properties of self-ignition engine. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc -maintenance and reliability 2016; 18 (3): 343-347, http://dx.doi.org/10.

CO2 Emission Costs Due to the Production and Use of Vehicles in the Context of Automotive Development

“…On the basis of literature data: (Stemberg et al, 2019; Kruczyński et al, 2016;Keršys et al, 2013;Hydrogen Council, 2017), it is possible to calculate that compressing hydrogen from 30 to 1000 bar requires 2.7 kWh per kilogram of hydrogen. For the countries with a green energy mix, hydrogen compression requires 421g CO 2 per kWh.…”

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

“…2. Weight factors depend on rotational speed [18] Based on the tests and the equations, hourly (2) and specific (3) energy consumption were also calculated [3]:…”

The programmable steering machine for the electric lightweight vehicle

“…In this regard the researches on alternative and renewable fuels are still developed. These researches are focused mainly on biofuels [1][2][3] different blends containing selected alcohols and/or ethers [4,5], hydrogen as well as CNG / LPG gas [6][7][8]. Another trend in the vehicles' development is focused on the safety and autonomous driving.…”