Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of a South African commercial traditional immune booster in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Ngcobo, Mlungisi; Gqaleni, Nceba

doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1294-7

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In vitro studies have shown that modulatory effects of traditional medicines often do not derive from a single compound but from several compounds generating synergistic activity [20]. In this study and previous studies on traditional medicines using similar models, we have demonstrated that this extends to formulations of multiple medicinal plants as practiced in African traditional medicine [22]. These observations have prompted researchers working on traditional medicines to propose that multicomponent products that target multiple sites affect the complex physiological response more favorably than drugs that act on a single target [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The resulting activation of T lymphocytes via interaction with CD2 stimulates the production of IL-2 and IFN- γ [21]. As observed in previous studies using similar models, the proliferative effect of PHA normally peaks after 48 hours of stimulation [22]. Therefore, full stimulatory effects of PHA on secretion of cytokines occur after 48 hours when PBMCs are also proliferating rapidly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Immunomodulation using traditional medicinal plants can be used as an alternative to, or in conjunction with, conventional therapy for a variety of diseases, especially when host defenses have to be activated under the conditions of impaired immune response [24]. Previously, we have demonstrated that a commercial traditional medicine modulates the levels of sIL-2R in supernatants of PHA-stimulated PBMCs only [22]. In the current study, the traditional energy tonic modulated levels of sIL-2R in supernatants of both PHA- and PG- S. aureus -stimulated PBMCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Immune Effects of an African Traditional Energy Tonic in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Ngcobo

Gqaleni

Naidoo

et al. 2017

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Most of the African traditional medicines (ATM) are formulated as energy tonics to boost and maintain immune defences. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the immune effects of a traditional energy tonic using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), THP-1 monocytes, and bacteria infected rats. When tested in mitogen and peptidoglycan stimulated PBMCs, this energy tonic showed minimal cytotoxicity, while in acute toxicity studies in rats it did not exhibit any significant toxicity at doses up to 2000 mg/mL/kg. The energy tonic doses between 100 and 10 μg/mL were shown to stimulate secretion of cytokines and increase sIL-2R levels in PHA-treated PBMCs. Similar doses in PG-S. aureus-stimulated PBMCs significantly (p < 0.05) increased IL-1α, IL-2, and GM-CSF while causing a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in sIL-2R levels. NF-κβ transcriptional activity was increased in LPS stimulated THP-1 cells. In Sprague Dawley rats pretreated with the energy tonic and then infected with S. aureus, there were insignificant increases in cytokines and sIL-2R when compared to bacteria infected only and 5% Enrofloxacin treated rats. Posttreatment with energy tonic doses after infection with S. aureus did not enhance inflammatory cytokines significantly but changed the immune response profile and decreased corticosterone levels. This ATM showed promising immunomodulatory effects on isolated immune cells and modulated the immune response of rat models infected with S. aureus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Immune Effects of an African Traditional Energy Tonic in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Ngcobo

Gqaleni

Naidoo

et al. 2017

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Herbal remedies are medications of plant-origin used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments and diseases [1][2][3]. They have been found to modulate various components of innate and acquired immune system due to their antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities [4][5][6][7]. The herbal remedy "Bio-Clean II" for instance, has been shown to significantly increased CD4 cell count, but decreased CD8 cell count in rats treated with Bioclean II (in a duration-dependent manner) when compared to the inflammation control [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Effects of Bio-Clean II Herbal Remedy on C-reactive protein, Corticosterone and Antiphospholipid antibodies in Rats exposed to Purified Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

2022

JCEI

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Background: Bio-Clean II has been previously shown to fight viral infection, boost immunity, and possesses anti-inflammatory properties by regulating the serum level of inflammatory cytokines, as well as T-Helper 4 and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes in rats exposed to purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the effects of Bio-Clean II on the C-reactive protein (CRP), corticosterone (CORT) and anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPLs) levels in rats exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using animal model. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 male Wistar rats weighing 150g±50g (mean±SD) were purchased and randomly assigned to six (6) groups of 6 rats each. Group 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 were induced with a single dose of 5mg/Kg of purified LPS® (E.coli 0127:B8, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA), administered through intraperitoneal route using 1ml sterile needle and syringe, except for group 4 which served as the zero control (given water and food only throughout the experiment). Group 1 served as the inflammation control. Group 2 which served as the positive control received 50 mg diclofenac/kg [bid] and 500 mg ciprofloxacin/kg [bid] (positive control) in place of the Bio-Clean. Group 3 which served as the negative control received sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS). While rats in group 5 and group 6 were treated orally with the herbal remedy “Bio-Clean II” for 7 days and 14 days, respectively. After which, the rats were killed and a cardiac blood specimen was taken from each rat and transferred to plain bottles to clot. Serum was obtained from the clotted blood by centrifugation. The serum levels of C-reactive protein, corticosterone and antiphospholipid antibodies were assayed using ELISA kits, supplied by Elabscience Biotechnology Inc, USA. Data generated were subjected to Statistical Package for Social Scientists-Version 20 (SPSS-20). Results: The outcome of this results show that the serum level of C-reactive protein of the 7 days (1.05±0.06ng/ml) and 14 days (0.93±0.05ng/ml) Bio-Clean II treated rats was found to be significantly lower (p=0.002 and p=0.000, respectively) when compared to the inflammation control group (1.70±0.07ng/ml). Similarly, the serum level of anti-phospholipid antibodies of the 7 days (6.40±0.67 Uml) and 14 days (4.27±0.66 U/ml) Bio-Clean II treated rats was found to be significantly lower (p=0.02 and p=0.008, respectively) when compared to the inflammation control group (16.47±1.53 Uml). Meanwhile, the corticosterone level of the 7 days Bio-clean treated rats (9.40±1.30ng/mL) was found to be non-significantly lower (p=0.812) in comparison to the inflammation control (13.50±2.50ng/mL); while that of the 14 days Bio-clean II treated rats (6.80±1.00ng/mL) was significantly lower (p=0.026). Conclusion: The outcom

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“…12,13 In immunocompromised individuals, they tend to be curative as therapeutic agents while as prophylactic and boosters in healthy subjects. 14 The immunostimulating effect of vaccines as a means of combating infectious diseases have drastically reduced the rate of morbidity and mortality globally. Vaccines combat the effect of pathogens by stimulating protective long lasting immune responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Immunostimulating effect of Carica papaya-based Immunostimulatory Complexes Against Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections

Briggs

Oli

Okoye

et al. 2020

IJPI

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Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a bacterial infection responsible for one-fifth of child mortality in Africa. The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate Carica papaya-based Immunostimulatory complexes against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Methods: Leaves of the plant were harvested, air-dried, pulverized and the saponin content extracted using distilled water and but anole in a Soxhlet's apparatus. The formulation of Immunostimulatory complexes was prepared using the ethanol injection method. Acute toxicity test and Immunological assays, namely: neutrophil adhesion, carbon clearance, hem agglutinating antibody titer were conducted using healthy laboratory mice. The results were compared to standard drug (levamisole). Results: The aqueous extract and butanol fraction yielded 7.45% and 0.38% saponin. At 5000mg/ kg body weight of administered immunostimulatory complexes, no death or behavioral changes were recorded. Neutrophil adhesion showed no significant increase (20.82±4.34) as against the levamisole (20.74±3.31). The increased phagocytic index (0.089± 0.017) showed better stimulation of reticuloendothelial system when compared to both controls (distilled water = 0.032 ± 0.001; levamisole = 0.071 ± 0.001).The lower Hemagglutination antibody titre value indicates the potency of the formulated ISCOM to elicit an immune response. The ISCOM dose (250 mg/kg body weight) significantly elevated hemagglutination antibody titre (7.81±1.60). Conclusion:It can be inferred from this study that Carica papaya leaves has immunomodulatory capacity and has significant saponin yield which could potentially serve as a component of Immunostimulatory complexes formulation. Carica papaya-based Immunostimulatory complexes exhibit improved immunogenicity against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.

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Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of a South African commercial traditional immune booster in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

The Immune Effects of an African Traditional Energy Tonic in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

The Immune Effects of an African Traditional Energy Tonic in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Immunomodulatory Effects of Bio-Clean II Herbal Remedy on C-reactive protein, Corticosterone and Antiphospholipid antibodies in Rats exposed to Purified Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

Assessment of Immunostimulating effect of Carica papaya-based Immunostimulatory Complexes Against Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections

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