Evaluation of the Hydrologic Source Term from Underground Nuclear Tests on Pahute Mesa at the Nevada Test Site: The CHESHIRE Test

Pawloski, G A; Tompson, Andrew F. B.; Carle, Steven F.; Bourcier, William L.; Bruton, C.J.; Daniels, Jeff; Maxwell, R. M.; Shumaker, D.E.; Smith, D K; Zavarin, Mavrik

doi:10.2172/15005874

Cited by 45 publications

(246 citation statements)

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“….10, Pawloski et al, 2001 Table 3. Parameter values for calculating average heat capacities in cal/mol/K (Criss and Cobble, 1964b Table 6.…”

Section: List Of Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this task, we have compiled thermodynamic data available in the literature and evaluated the options and benefits of applying temperaturedependent radionuclide speciation to future HST modeling. We use the recent experience of HST modeling at Cheshire (Pawloski et al, 2001) to focus our evaluation.…”

Section: Executive Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These calculations allow partial estimation of the potential error that may be involved in ignoring speciation changes as a function of temperature, as was done in the Cheshire HST model (Pawloski et al, 2001). In some cases, differences between the most recent 25 o C data available in the literature and data used in Pawloski et al (2001) were more significant than calculated speciation changes as a function of temperature. To incorporate radionuclide speciation as a function of temperature, a robust set of temperaturedependent reaction constants is necessary.…”

Section: Executive Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Underground nuclear tests result in elevated near-field temperatures that can be sustained for many years (Pawloski et al, 2001;Carle et al, 2003). The most active period of fluid transport and reaction chemistry also occurs at this time (tens to hundreds of years after a test).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, solubility of radionuclide precipitates may be enhanced or reduced, which would also affect radionuclide migration. Recent Cheshire hydrologic source term (HST) modeling focused on the impact of temperature on glass dissolution rates (Pawloski et al, 2001). However, the temperature dependence of aqueous speciation and sorption was not included: log K values at 25 o C were applied at all temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radionuclide Reaction Chemistry as a Function of Temperature at the Cheshire Site

Burton¹,

Bruton²,

Johnson³

et al. 2005

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“….10, Pawloski et al, 2001 Table 3. Parameter values for calculating average heat capacities in cal/mol/K (Criss and Cobble, 1964b Table 6.…”

Section: List Of Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Executive Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Executive Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radionuclide Reaction Chemistry as a Function of Temperature at the Cheshire Site

Burton¹,

Bruton²,

Johnson³

et al. 2005

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Detection of Dynamic Phenomena Associated with Underground Nuclear Explosion Using Multiple Seismic Surveys and Machine Learning

Mathew

MacBeth

Stevanovic

et al. 2022

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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The application of an active seismic method for detecting the source location of an underground nuclear explosion (UNE) is an ongoing field of research. The objective of active seismic in On-Site Inspection (OSI) is to detect the static signatures such as the cavity created by the UNE. Along with characteristic static signatures, UNEs produce dynamic phenomena such as groundwater mounding, which gradually revert to pre-test conditions. These dynamic phenomena are observable for an extended period, even up to several decades. The magnitude of these phenomena is prominent near the source origin and results from the redistribution of residual energy, such as pressure, temperature, and saturation. These dynamic changes in sub-surface rock and fluid properties will affect the seismic property of the rock, resulting in changes of P-wave velocity. These changes can be detected by using an active seismic survey. This study highlights the potential of using time-lapse seismic to identify ground zero by monitoring post-explosion variation in the seismic signature. Time-lapse seismic, also known as 4D seismic, is a well-known technology, used in the oil and gas industry for several decades for petroleum production monitoring and management. It involves taking more than one 2D/3D survey at different calendar times over the same reservoir and studying the difference in seismic attributes. This study investigates the characteristic dynamic phenomena associated with the UNE and their impact on the emplacement rock’s seismic property. Groundwater mounding (GWM) is one of the phenomena with a high gradient of dissipation during the initial days immediately after the explosion. We look at the impact of GWM variation on seismic P-wave velocity and discuss the potential of using time-lapse seismic for its detection. The challenges of implementing time-lapse seismic, such as non-repeatability, seasonal variations and time constraints, are discussed. A frequent seismic monitoring survey method (time-lapse seismic) is proposed to monitor rock and fluid properties changes due to the post-UNE dynamic phenomena. Due to the time constraint for the OSI activity, conventional time-lapse seismic processing would not be suitable. Therefore, a machine learning-based 4D detection workflow is presented. The near-real-time 4D detection workflow using machine learning can be implemented during the OSI to identify the source location or ground zero.

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Simulation of nitrate biogeochemistry and reactive transport in a California groundwater basin

Carle

Tompson

McNab

et al. 2004

Computational Methods in Water Resources: Volume 1

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Nitrate is the number one drinking water contaminant in the United States. It is pervasive in surface and groundwater systems, and its principal anthropogenic sources have increased dramatically in the last 50 years. In California alone, one third of the public drinking-water wells has been lost since 1988 and nitrate contamination is the most common reason for abandonment. Effective nitrate management in groundwater is complicated by uncertainties related to multiple point and non-point sources, hydrogeologic complexity, geochemical reactivity, and quantification of dentrification processes. In this paper, we review an integrated experimental and simulation-based framework being developed to study the fate of nitrate in a 25 km-long groundwater subbasin south of San Jose, California, a historically agricultural area now undergoing rapid urbanization with increasing demands for groundwater. The modeling approach is driven by a need to integrate new and archival data that support the hypothesis that nitrate fate and transport at the basin scale is intricately related to hydrostratigraphic complexity, variability of flow paths and groundwater residence times, microbial activity, and multiple geochemical reaction mechanisms. This study synthesizes these disparate and multi-scale data into a three-dimensional and highly resolved reactive transport modeling framework.

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Evaluation of the Hydrologic Source Term from Underground Nuclear Tests on Pahute Mesa at the Nevada Test Site: The CHESHIRE Test

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Radionuclide Reaction Chemistry as a Function of Temperature at the Cheshire Site

Radionuclide Reaction Chemistry as a Function of Temperature at the Cheshire Site

Detection of Dynamic Phenomena Associated with Underground Nuclear Explosion Using Multiple Seismic Surveys and Machine Learning

Simulation of nitrate biogeochemistry and reactive transport in a California groundwater basin

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