Evaluation of the health and healthcare system burden due to antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli infections in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Assessment of the burden of disease due to antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli infections facilitates understanding the scale of the problem and potential impacts, and comparison to other diseases, which allows prioritization of research, surveillance, and funding. Using systematic review and meta-analysis methodology, the objectives were to evaluate whether humans with antimicrobial-resistant E. coli infections experience increases in measures of health or healthcare system burden when compared to susceptible E. coli infections. Methods Comprehensive literature searches were performed in four primary and seven grey literature databases. Analytic observational studies of human E. coli infections that assessed the impact of resistance to third/fourth/fifth-generation cephalosporins, resistance to quinolones, and/or multidrug resistance on mortality, treatment failure, length of hospital stay and/or healthcare costs were included. Two researchers independently performed screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. When possible, random effect meta-analyses followed by assessment of the confidence in the cumulative evidence were performed for mortality and length of hospital stay outcomes, and narrative syntheses were performed for treatment failure and healthcare costs. Results Literature searches identified 14,759 de-duplicated records and 76 articles were included. Based on 30-day and all-cause mortality meta-analyses, regardless of the type of resistance, there was a significant increase in the odds of dying with resistant E. coli infections compared to susceptible infections. A summary mean difference was not presented for total length of hospital stay meta-analyses due to substantial to considerable heterogeneity. Since small numbers of studies contributed to meta-analyses for bacterium-attributable mortality and post-infection length of hospital stay, the summary results should be considered with caution. Studies contributing results for treatment failure and healthcare costs had considerable variability in definitions and reporting. Conclusions Overall, resistant E. coli infections were associated with significant 30-day and all-cause mortality burden. More research and/or improved reporting are necessary to facilitate quantitative syntheses of bacterium-attributable mortality, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs. Protocol Registration PROSPERO CRD42018111197.

Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria as Aetiological Factors of Infections in a Tertiary Multidisciplinary Hospital in Poland

“…The MDR aetiology of infection, especially ESBL Enterobacterales, was shown to be associated with the prolonged hospitalization time and increased risk of death [22][23][24][25]. In the recent meta-analysis, the presence of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli was associated with over 2-fold higher 30-day mortality [26]. The inverse relation of the spectrum of resistance to antimicrobials and the survival was recently demonstrated by Santoro et al [27].…”

Antibacterial Efficacy of Liposomal Formulations Containing Tobramycin and N-Acetylcysteine against Tobramycin-Resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii

“…Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii are bacterial threats for public health, due to the raised concern of antibiotic resistance [46][47][48][49]. Tobramycin is a family member of aminoglycoside antibiotics, which have been used for treating infections caused by the abovementioned pathogens [50][51][52].…”

A Peek into the Bacterial Microbiome of the Eurasian Red Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)

“…This is the case in multiresistant staphylococci [ 92 ], which can serve as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes [ 93 ], cause surgical wound infections [ 94 ], urinary tract infections [ 95 ], sinusitis [ 96 ], and even pericarditis [ 97 ] and septicemia [ 98 ]. The havoc E. coli generates through its intricate pathogenetic mechanism is well documented [ 99 ]. Owing to their remarkable resistance to antimicrobials, disinfectants and harsh environmental conditions, E. faecalis and E. faecium give rise to unmanageable hospital outbreaks [ 100 ].…”