Evaluation of the Growth of<i>Vallisneria americana</i>Michx. in Relation to Sediment Nutrient Availability

Rogers, Sara; McFarland, Dwilette G.; Barko, John W.

doi:10.1080/07438149509354198

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The primary nutrient source for Vallisneria is typically the sediment (Barko and Smart, 1981), and concentrations of surface water ammonium were low, suggesting that Vallisneria did absorb most ammonium through its roots. In a nutrient availability study, Rogers et al (1995) determined that at extractable concentrations of 11 mg nitrogen/g dry weight of sediment, nitrogen is potentially limiting to Vallisneria growth in the UMR. In our study, the average extractable ammonium concentration was 38.58 mg N/g dry weight sediment, indicating current ammonium concentrations were not limiting growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, survival was significantly higher and bud production was restricted to the 9% and 25% light treatments. Rogers et al (1995) suggest that Vallisneria growth on intrinsically infertile sediments in the UMR may depend on a continuous nitrogen supply from the sediment and the conditions in Lake Onalaska (1992) were suitable for Vallisneria restoration. Korschgen et al (1997) applied results of a culture study to Pool 8 of the UMR and suggested that irradiance might indeed limit the distribution and abundance of Vallisneria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Abiotic influences on the biomass of Vallisneria americana Michx. in the Upper Mississippi River

Kreiling

Yin

Gerber

2007

River Research & Apps

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American wildcelery, Vallisneria americana Michx. is an ecologically important component of aquatic communities in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). We conducted a study in 2002 to determine the association of several abiotic factors on the vegetative growth of Vallisneria in Navigation Pool 8 (Pool 8) of the UMR. We measured turbidity, percent light absorbance, surface water ammonium, surface water nitrate, current velocity, conductivity, pH and water depth throughout one growing season at 56 stratified sites based on where Vallisneria occurred in previous years. Sediment and aboveground biomass samples were collected during peak growth. Sediment was analysed for organic content, particle size, pore water nitrate and pore water ammonium. Vallisneria biomass samples were dried to constant mass. Because some sites were without water for much of the growing season, only data from 52 sites were reported. Biomass was associated with depth, percent light absorbance, turbidity and wind fetch. Vallisneria was abundant in the depth range of 0.55 to 1.03 m, in areas receiving at least 38% of surface light and in areas exposed to greater wind fetch (>2000 m). Our results suggest that the primary abiotic variable associated with

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Abiotic influences on the biomass of Vallisneria americana Michx. in the Upper Mississippi River

Kreiling

Yin

Gerber

2007

River Research & Apps

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“…This is due to the scarcity of some elements that tend to precipitate in the more oxygenated water column (Barko et al, 1991), and to competition with phytoplanktonic populations that are very efficient in nutrient stripping (Pedersen, 1994). Thus, even if the submerged and rooted plants can absorb minerals over the leaf surfaces (Eugelink, 1998) for nutrients they rely essentially on the sediment that encloses their roots (Rogers et al, 1995., Barko andJames, 1998) and that becomes the main source for nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, manganese, microelements, and trace metals (Jackson et al, 1994a,b;Titus and Andorfer, 1996). Some rooted aquatic plants release organic compounds into sediment through their roots and this, coupled with the oxygen loss, leads to an increase in aerobic microbial biomass and activity, which enhances mineralization and improves availability of nutrients (Risgaard-Petersen and Jensen, 1997;Karjalainen et al, 2001).…”

Section: Mineral Nutrient Uptake and Deliverymentioning

confidence: 95%

The Underwater Life of Secondarily Aquatic Plants: Some Problems and Solutions

Rascio¹

2002

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

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The freshwater secondarily aquatic plants, most of which are higher plants, are those returned to the water environment after spending a period of time living on land. The readaptation to living underwater has made it necessary for these plants to put in place morphological and functional strategies to cope with some major problems due to features of the aquatic environment, but also deriving from the specialized organization of their "terrestrial" bodies. The poor O 2 availability underwater accounted for the evolution of wide aerenchyma tissues throughout the plant organs to improve the photosynthetic O 2 flux from the shoot to the roots buried in anoxic sediments and to the neighboring rhizosphere. This favors sediment oxygenation, sustains the aerobic metabolism of roots, and improves the availability and uptake of mineral nutrients, whose delivery to the entire plants, without a transpirational flux, is ensured by an acropetal mass transport depending on root pressure, guttation from hydathodes and channeling by apoplast closure around the vascular tissues. A great expansion of leaf surfaces and an enhanced surface:volume ratio of chloroplast-rich photosynthetic cells help to contact the water medium and to increase the cell/environment exchanges to gain inorganic carbon. Furthermore, different physiological mechanisms operate to cope with the scarce availability of CO 2 and the prevalence of HCO 3 -as inorganic carbon form in water. Some of them, like cell wall acidification through H + extrusion by a light-dependent APTase or activation of an apoplastic carbonic anhydrase, operate outside the cells, leading to a conversion of HCO 3 -to CO 2 , which then diffuses into the cells. Others, on the contrary, act inside the cells to load the active site of Rubisco with CO 2 , thus favoring photosynthesis and lowering photorespiration. Aquatic macrophytes with isoetid life form, moreover, can obtain most ot the fixed CO 2 from sediments. In submerged species, in additin to the C 3 cycle, the C 4 and CAM-like photosynthetic metabolisms can also operate, and are modulated by the environmental inorganic carbon availability and the plant photosynthetic demand. Interestingly, in the aquatic plants the C 4 pathway, which can be concomitant with the C 3 one, does not depend on the Kranz anatomy of leaves, but relies on the intracellular compartmentation of carboxylative and decarboxylative enzymes. The CAM-like pathway, defined AAM, which also coexists with the C 3 , allows the submerged plants to fix CO 2 in the dark, thus exploiting the higher CO 2 availability in the water medium during the night, and extending to 24 h the period of inorganic carbon assimilation. In almost all the aquatic macrophytes the AAM is only expressed in the submersion state, whereas it is quickly inactivated in emerging leaves in a cell by cell way.

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“…Each of these extreme events have occurred in recent UMRS history; a severe drought from 1987 to 1989 (Kimber et al, 1995a, b;Rogers et al, 1995b;Rogers & Theiling, 1999) and the ''Great Flood'' of 1993 (Theiling, 1999). During the drought, a loss of SAV was documented in Pools 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 19 (Rogers, 1994).…”

Section: Droughts and Floodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synthesis of Upper Mississippi River System submersed and emergent aquatic vegetation: past, present, and future

Moore

Romano

Cook³

2010

Hydrobiologia

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Altered hydrology resulting from the presence of locks and dams and erosive agricultural land use practices have created conditions that have impacted the growth, distribution, and survival of aquatic vegetation on the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS). Three inter-related abiotic factors (light transparency, nutrients, and sedimentation) worsened by impoundment and erosive agricultural practices, have played a major role in widespread submersed macrophyte loss in the UMRS. Aquatic vegetation provides food and shelter for biota as well as impacting water quality. Successful efforts to restore aquatic macrophytes on the UMRS have focused on habitat restoration construction projects and water-level management drawdowns. Currently, the status of aquatic vegetation varies within the UMRS, with most of the aquatic vegetation being found between lower Pool 4 (below Lake Pepin) and Pool 13. Although aquatic macrophytes have varied among locations over the past 17 years, an increase in aquatic plants was apparent in 2007 and 2008. Very little research regarding the role of moist soil and emergent vegetation and their responses to ecological factors has occurred within the UMRS. Future research efforts must continue to focus on understanding the ecological and anthropogenic impacts to all aquatic macrophytes within the landscape of one of the largest river systems in the world.

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Evaluation of the Growth ofVallisneria americanaMichx. in Relation to Sediment Nutrient Availability

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Abiotic influences on the biomass of Vallisneria americana Michx. in the Upper Mississippi River

Abiotic influences on the biomass of Vallisneria americana Michx. in the Upper Mississippi River

The Underwater Life of Secondarily Aquatic Plants: Some Problems and Solutions

Synthesis of Upper Mississippi River System submersed and emergent aquatic vegetation: past, present, and future

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