Evaluation of the groundwater quality feasibility zones for irrigational purposes through GIS in Omalur Taluk, Salem District, South India

Abstract

The present work is employed in Omalur Taluk (study area 538.10 km(2)), Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India. Eighty-nine groundwater samples were collected during pre-monsoon (May) 2011 and were analyzed for major cations and anions. The irrigational parameters like; EC, Kelley's ratio, sodium absorption ratio (SAR) values, Mg(2+) hazards, HCO3 (-) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) have been worked out to know the suitability of the groundwater for irrigational purpose. Wilcox diagram indicates that out of 89 samples, 39 samples belong to good permissible category and Doneen diagram revealed that 98.88 % of the groundwater samples fall in Class I. The plotting of SAR values in USSL diagram indicates that all the samples have low SAR value. Out of 89 samples, 44 samples were in C3-S1 field. This implies that no alkali hazard is anticipated to the crops. In 44 locations (49.44 %), samples fall within C3-S1 category. This category is suitable for irrigation purpose. However, the concentration of bicarbonate was in significant amount showing 82 % of sites under "increasing problem" and the 4 % sites under "Severe Problem" zones. Finally, the above-said results are taken into a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform. To understand the spatial distribution of unsuitable zones, ArcGIS was employed. The present work reveals that groundwater in the Omalur Taluk is of good quality and is suitable for all uses including interbrain water transfer in the region.

Reclaimed Wastewater Quality Assessment for Irrigation and Its Mid-Time Reuse Effects on Paddy Growth and Yield under Farmer Management

“…Water samples were taken from June to August 2016 with an approximate interval of two weeks according to phonological stage of rice crop. 14 [32] were calculated. Values obtained from each water resource were treated as replicates.…”

“…It has suggested that the sodium problem in irrigation water could be very conveniently worked out on the basis of the values of ESR or Kelley's ratio. Generally, water is considered as unfavorable for irrigation if ESR be more than one [32]. Therefore, FW and WW are unfavorable and favorable water for irrigation, respectively.…”

“…The amount of Na% 1 and Na% 2 were very close to each other because of low concentration of potassium. As per the Bureau of Indian Standards the sodium percentage of 60 is the maximum recommended limit for irrigation water [32]. Thus, FW is at the border of unsuitable irrigation water.…”

“…Excess of magnesium (high Magnesium Ratio) in water affects the quality of soils, which causes poor yield of crops [32]. In magnesium dominated water (Ca:Mg ratio less than 1), the potential effect of sodium may be slightly increased.…”

A method of groundwater quality assessment based on fuzzy network-CANFIS and geographic information system (GIS)

“…Khadangi et al (2009) compared ANFIS with radial basis function (RBF) models in daily stream flow forecasting and demonstrated that ANFIS give better results than RBF. Moreover, geographic information system (GIS) is a powerful tool for use in environmental problem solving and in conducting groundwater modeling such as mapping the groundwater quality parameters, interpretation of groundwater quality data, evaluation of the groundwater quality feasibility zones for irrigational purposes, creating groundwater contamination vulnerability maps as the most common application of this technique and so on (Saraf et al 1994;Durbude and Vararrajan 2007;Karunanidhi et al 2013;Bouzourra et al 2014). Therefore, in order to develop a model using neuro-fuzzy techniques in a GIS to simulate water quality, it is very useful to combine the GIS technique with a neuro-fuzzy model that is very applicable and also has the potential for creating a successful modeling tool (Dixon 2004).…”