Evaluation of the greater occipital nerve location regarding its relation to intermastoid and external occipital protuberance to mastoid process lines

Huanmanop, Thanasil; Issara, I; Agthong, Sithiporn; Chentanez, Vilai

doi:10.5603/fm.a2020.0099

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Instead, in their cadaveric study, Won et al ( 2018 ) recorded that GON penetrated TM on 14 (25%) sides, it traveled through the aponeurosis of TM on seven (12.5%) sides, and it ran to the lateral border of TM and pierced the fascia extending between the cranial part of this muscle and SCM on 35 (62.5%) sides. After the study of Tubbs et al ( 2014 ), the concept of “type” related with the relationship of GON and TM was also remarkable in the study of Huanmanop et al ( 2021 ). They revealed that the aponeurosis of TM, TM itself, and the aponeurosis extending between SCM and TM were pierced by GON at 67 (67%) sides, 2 (2%) sides, and 31 (31%) sides, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Tubbs et al ( 2014 ) reported that GON ascended by curving from the lower border of OCI on 28 (93.3%) sides, and pierced OCI near the lower edge of this muscle on two (6.7%) sides. Huanmanop et al ( 2021 ) stated that GON rose by curving from the lower border of OCI on 94 (94%) sides, and pierced OCI near the lower edge of this muscle on six (6%) sides. Scherer et al ( 2019 ) determined that GON ascended by curving from the lower border of OCI on 38 (95%) sides and pierced OCI on two (5%) sides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…study ofTubbs et al (2014), the concept of "type" related with the relationship of GON and TM was also remarkable in the study ofHuanmanop et al (2021). They revealed that the aponeurosis of TM, TM itself, and the aponeurosis extending between SCM and TM were pierced by GON at 67 (67%) sides, 2 (2%) sides, and 31 (31%) sides, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Success of GONB may vary depending on the techniques used, concerning the landmarks (Nair et al, 2018 ). On the other hand, in some cases, GONB does not alleviate these symptoms (Dilli et al, 2015 ; Eskilsson et al, 2021 ; Kashipazha et al, 2014 ), possibly due to anatomical variations and/or differences in the topographical location of GON (Ducic et al, 2009 ; Huanmanop et al, 2021 ; Junewicz et al, 2013 ; Natsis et al, 2006 ; Won et al, 2018 ). Although it is considered to be safe, repeated corticosteroid injections may cause complications such as Cushing's syndrome (Lavin & Workman, 2001 ) or neck muscle weakness (Ducic et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological features of the greater occipital nerve and its possible importance for interventional procedures

Saglam,

Gayretli,

Coskun

et al. 2023

Journal of Anatomy

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Being one of the most prevalent neurological symptoms, headaches are burdensome and costly. Blocks and decompression surgeries of the greater occipital nerve (GON) have been frequently used for migraine, cervicogenic headache, and occipital neuralgia which are classified under headache by International Headache Society. Knowledge of complex anatomy of GON is crucial for its decompression surgery and block. This study was performed to elucidate anatomical features of this nerve in detail. Forty‐one cadavers were dissected bilaterally. According to its morphological features, GON was classified into four main types that included 18 subtypes. Moreover, potential compression points of the nerve were defined. The number of branches of the GON up to semispinalis capitis muscle and the number of its branches that were sent to this muscle were recorded. The most common variant was that the GON pierced the aponeurosis of the trapezius muscle, curved around the lower edge of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle, and was loosely attached to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle (Type 2; 61 sides, 74.4%). In the subtypes, the most common form was Type 2‐A (44 sides, 53.6%), in which the GON pierced the aponeurosis of each of the trapezius muscle and fibers of semispinalis muscle at one point and there was a single crossing of the GON and occipital artery. Six potential compression points of the GON were detected. The first point was where the nerve crossed the lower border of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle. The second and third points were at its piercing of the semispinalis capitis muscle and the muscle fibers/aponeurosis of the trapezius, respectively. Fourth, fifth, and sixth compression points of GON were located where the GON and occipital artery crossed each other for the first, second, and third times, respectively. On 69 sides, 1–4 branches of the GON up to the semispinalis capitis muscle were observed (median = 1), while 1–4 branches of GON were sent to the semispinalis capitis muscle on 67 sides (median = 1). The novel anatomical findings described in this study may play a significant role in increasing the success rate of invasive interventions related with the GON.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%