Abstract:<p>This paper presents an assessment of the forward-backward sweep load flow method to distribution system analysis. The method is formally assessed using fixed-point concepts and the contraction mapping theorem. The existence and uniqueness of the load flow feasible solution is supported by an alternative argument from those obtained in the literature. Also, the closed-form of the convergence rate of the method is deduced and the convergence dependence of loading is assessed. Finally, boundaries for err… Show more
“…Remark 2. In the case of the matricial backward/forward power flow method as demonstrated in [21,41] and [25], its convergence independent of the starting voltage point through the application of the Banach-fixed point theorem.…”
Section: Matricial Backward/forward Power Flow Methodsmentioning
This paper presents a comparative analysis of six different iterative power flow methods applied to AC distribution networks, which have been recently reported in the scientific literature. These power flow methods are (i) successive approximations, (ii) matricial backward/forward method, (iii) triangular-based approach, (iv) product linearization method, (v) hyperbolic linearization method, and (vi) diagonal approximation method. The first three methods and the last one are formulated without recurring derivatives, and they can be directly formulated in the complex domain; the fourth and fifth methods are based on the linear approximation of the power balance equations that are also formulated in the complex domain. The numerical comparison involves three main aspects: the convergence rate, processing time, and the number of iterations calculated using the classical Newton–Raphson method as the reference case. Numerical results from two test feeders composed of 34 and 85 nodes demonstrate that the derivative-free methods have linear convergence, and the methods that use derivatives in their formulation have quadratic convergence.
“…Remark 2. In the case of the matricial backward/forward power flow method as demonstrated in [21,41] and [25], its convergence independent of the starting voltage point through the application of the Banach-fixed point theorem.…”
Section: Matricial Backward/forward Power Flow Methodsmentioning
This paper presents a comparative analysis of six different iterative power flow methods applied to AC distribution networks, which have been recently reported in the scientific literature. These power flow methods are (i) successive approximations, (ii) matricial backward/forward method, (iii) triangular-based approach, (iv) product linearization method, (v) hyperbolic linearization method, and (vi) diagonal approximation method. The first three methods and the last one are formulated without recurring derivatives, and they can be directly formulated in the complex domain; the fourth and fifth methods are based on the linear approximation of the power balance equations that are also formulated in the complex domain. The numerical comparison involves three main aspects: the convergence rate, processing time, and the number of iterations calculated using the classical Newton–Raphson method as the reference case. Numerical results from two test feeders composed of 34 and 85 nodes demonstrate that the derivative-free methods have linear convergence, and the methods that use derivatives in their formulation have quadratic convergence.
“…The first step is to perform the power flow to find the base case values before PV integration in the distribution system. For this study, the system's power flow and base power loss are calculated using the Forward/Backward sweep-based numerical approach, which is proven more efficient and accurate than the other conventional methods [15,16]. The branch's active power loss, P loss (i,j) and the respective reactive loss, Q loss(i,j) between two buses, i,j are calculated using the following expression [17]:…”
Most distributed renewable energy generation (DREG) planning studies are performed using a constant load model and a dispatchable generation unit. However, the renewable generation unit and load demand vary in real life, and the generation size at the peak demand varies accordingly with loading levels. Such considerations may lead to the erroneous conclusion: the power loss reduction and bus voltage improvement may not be optimal. Consequently, the generation unit must be adequately integrated to offer optimal capacity in the distribution system while considering non-constant load demand as a part of DREG planning. Therefore, the impact of integrating photovoltaic (PV) considering historical solar weather data and varying load demand for five different voltage-dependent load models is proposed in this study. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to find the optimal location and size of PV with the objective to minimize power losses in the distribution system using IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus test systems. The findings are evaluated based on the comparative analysis of power losses reduction, PV penetration level, power loss index, and voltage deviation index. Findings revealed that the proposed model is effective in determining the optimal location and size of PV with a significant reduction of power losses that varies between 13.84% to 32.71% in 33-bus, and between 18.56% to 43.80% in 69-bus. In addition, the improvement in minimum bus voltage and other performance indices are also significant.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.