Evaluation of the facial dimensions of young adult women with a preferred facial appearance

Kim, Sae Yong; Bayome, Mohamed; Park, Jae Hyun; Kook, Yoon Ah; Kang, Ju Hee; Kim, Kang Hyuk; Moon, Hong Beom

doi:10.4041/kjod.2015.45.5.253

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…However, the GP group in our study had a greater facial width than did the MK group, which was opposite to the results of Kim et al15 In addition, the facial height as well as the intercanthal and interpupillary widths, which showed significant intergroup differences in the study of Kim et al,15 showed no significant intergroup differences in our study. This might be attributed to the differences between the 2D and 3D nature of the studies and the associated difficulty in the identification of projected landmarks on 2D images.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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A three-dimensional photogrammetric analysis of the facial esthetics of the Miss Korea pageant contestants

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to measure and compare the facial dimensions of the Miss Korea pageant contestants and a selected group of women from the general population by using three-dimensional (3D) image analysis, as well as to compare various facial ratios to the golden ratio within each group.MethodsThree-dimensional images of 52 Miss Korea pageant contestants (MK group) and 41 young female adults selected from the general population (GP group) were acquired. Fifty-four variables and ratios were measured and calculated. Intergroup comparisons were performed using multivariate analysis of variance.ResultsCompared to the GP group, the MK group showed greater total facial height and eye width, lesser lower-facial height, and lesser facial, lower-facial, and nasal widths. Moreover, compared to the GP group, the MK group had more protruded noses with greater nasolabial angle, greater vertical curvature of the foreheads, lesser horizontal curvature of the cheek, and lesser lower-lip-and-chin volume.ConclusionsThe MK group had longer faces but smaller lower lips and chins than did the GP group. The golden ratio was not matching the current facial esthetic standards. These data might be beneficial for treatment planning of patients undergoing orthognathic and plastic surgeries.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Kim et al15 evaluated the facial dimensions of young adult women with a preferred facial appearance. However, these studies were based on two-dimensional (2D) measurements taken using unstandardized photographs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-dimensional photogrammetric analysis of the facial esthetics of the Miss Korea pageant contestants

et al. 2017

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“…The authors conclude that attractive faces bear uniformity between different facial sub-regions. Kim et al [15], evaluated the facial appearance of young women against a preferred face appearance and compared the results with the general population. Zhuang et al [16] evaluated the facial anthropometric variations across age groups, gender and race for face images.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Asymmetry-Based Anthropometric Differences between Gender and Ethnicity

et al. 2018

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Bilateral facial asymmetry is frequently exhibited by humans but its combined evaluation across demographic traits including gender and ethnicity is still an open research problem. In this study we measure and evaluate facial asymmetry across gender and different ethnic groups and investigate the differences in asymmetric facial dimensions among the subjects from two public face datasets, the MORPH and FERET. To this end, we detect 28 facial asymmetric dimensions from each face image using an anthropometric technique. An exploratory analysis is then performed via a multiple linear regression model to determine the impact of gender and ethnicity on facial asymmetry. Post-hoc Tukey test has been used to validate the results of the proposed method. The results show that out of 28 asymmetric dimensions, females differ in 25 dimensions from males. African, Asian, Hispanic and other ethnic groups have asymmetric dimensions that differ significantly from those of Europeans. These findings could be important to certain applications like the design of facial fits, as well as guidelines for facial cosmetic surgeons. Lastly, we train a neural network classifier that employs asymmetric dimensions for gender and race classification. The experimental results show that our trained classifier outperforms the support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbors (kNN) classifiers.

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“…In facial soft tissues, the lip vermilion is a prominent feature due to its obvious soft tissue contours compared with facial skin [7]. Several studies have explored the general 3D facial structures of Asian adult female patients and highlighted signi cant morphological in uences on the lip vermilion in patients who were considered more attractive than those who were considered average [7,8]. Several studies have demonstrated signi cant differences in lip vermilion curvature and shape during orthodontic treatment using 3D facial scanning [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of three-dimensional changes in lip vermilion in adult female patients after orthodontic extraction: a preliminary study

Shen

Xie

Jiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: 3D facial scanning has changed the way facial aesthetic is evaluated and has numerous advantages for facial analysis. The specific relationship between lip vermilion morphological changes after orthodontic extraction treatment has not been fully explained. The objective of this study was to evaluate 3D morphological changes after orthodontic extraction treatment in lip vermilion of adult females with dentoalveolar protrusion using a structured light-based scanner. Methods: Forty-two female subjects (25.2 ± 1.9 years) were recruited as the treatment group; these patients had undergone extraction treatment and achieved better sagittal profiles. Twenty female subjects (25.5 ± 2.1 years) were enrolled in the non-treatment group; these patients did not require any orthodontic treatment. The follow up time for the treatment group was more than 24 months and for the non-treatment group was more than 12 months. 3D facial scans were captured using 3D CaMega. Six landmarks (Ls, Li, R.Chp, L.Chp, R.Ch, and L.Ch), three linear measurements (mouth height, philtrum width, and mouth width), and three area measurements (upper, lower, and total vermilion area) were measured. The spatial deviations of the three volumetric measurements (upper, lower, and total vermilion) were constructed for quantitative analysis. Superimposed colour maps and spectra were constructed for visual analysis of morphological changes as a qualitative evaluation. Results: Mouth height and philtrum width decreased (-0.93mm and -1.08mm, respectively) significantly (p=0.008 and p=0.027, respectively), and no significant (p=0.488) change in mouth width was observed in the treatment group. The lower and total vermilion surface areas decreased (-51.00mm2 and -69.82mm2 , respectively) significantly (p=0.003 and p=0.031, respectively) in the treatment group, but the upper vermilion remained unchanged (p=0.752). In the treatment group, significant retractions were observed in the superimposed colour maps and spectra, and the volumetric measurements of the vermilion changed significantly (p=0.012, p=0.001 and p=0.004, respectively). Significant differences were found between the treatment group and the non-treatment group in linear, area and volumetric measurements. Conclusions: This study established a method for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the lip vermilion. Significant 3D retraction of the lip vermilion after the extraction treatment was found, with morphological variation between upper and lower vermilion.

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Evaluation of the facial dimensions of young adult women with a preferred facial appearance

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

A three-dimensional photogrammetric analysis of the facial esthetics of the Miss Korea pageant contestants

A three-dimensional photogrammetric analysis of the facial esthetics of the Miss Korea pageant contestants

Facial Asymmetry-Based Anthropometric Differences between Gender and Ethnicity

Measurement of three-dimensional changes in lip vermilion in adult female patients after orthodontic extraction: a preliminary study

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