Evaluation of the Faces Pain Scale for Use with the Elderly

Herr, Keela; Mobily, Paula R.; Kohout, Frank J.; Wagenaar, Diane

doi:10.1097/00002508-199803000-00005

Cited by 205 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Besides the commonly used three scales, many studies find that the Faces Pain Scale (FPS) and the Numerical Box-21 Scale (BS-21) are also suitable for pain assessment in younger and older adults. Herr, Mobily, Kohout, and Wagenaar (1998) supported the validity and reliability of the FPS when they evaluated the FPS in elderly. Another study by Peters et al (2007) compared the VAS-horizontal (VAS-H), the VAS-vertical (VAS-V), the VDS, the Numerical Box-11 Scale (BS-11), and the BS-21 in younger and older patients.…”

Section: Background and Significance Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Many studies support the validity and reliability of the FPS. One study supported the construct validity and strong ordinal properties and strong test-retest reliability of the FPS for using in elderly without CI (Herr et al, 1998). The FPS could be comprehended by nondemented elderly, early AD patients, and midstage AD patients, 100%, 60%, and 30%, respectively (Scherder & Bouma, 2000).…”

Section: Unidimensional Assessment Tools Based On Self-reportmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Thus, the BS-21 is suitable for pain intensity assessment in heterogeneous groups and the VDS can be considered when the majority of patients are older adults (Peters et al). Herr et al (1998) evaluated the FPS for using with the community elderly and supported the validity and reliability of the FPS.…”

Section: Gagliese Et Al (2005) Compared the Vas-horizontal (Vas-h) mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Moreover, several studies show that culture also influences the psychometric properties of pain assessment scales. One study (Herr et al, 1998) evaluated the construct validity of the FPS for use with the European-American elderly. They found that the subjects agreed that the FPS represented pain more strongly than any of other constructs; however, the faces could also represent other constructs except anger.…”

Section: Background and Significance Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychometric properties of pain intensity scales comparing among postoperative adult patients, elderly patients without and with mild cognitive impairment in China

Zhou

Petpichetchian

Kitrungrote

2011

International Journal of Nursing Studies

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In China, there is a lack of studies to generate pain intensity scales to the patients with CI and compare the pain scales in various age groups. Therefore, this study would compare the psychometric properties of the evidence-supported pain intensity scales consisting of the Verbal Descriptor Scale (VDS), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Faces Pain Scale (FPS), the Numeric Box-21 Scale (BS-21), and the Colored Analogue Scale (CAS) in Chinese postoperative adults varying in ages including the elderly with mild CI. This was a descriptive comparative study and 200 surgical patients were recruited purposively from a university-affiliated hospital with 50 for each group: young adults (age 20 -44 years), middle-aged adults (age 45 -59 years), elderly (age ≥ 60 years) without CI, and elderly (age ≥ 60 years) with mild CI.Participants rated the vividly remembered, current, worst, least, and average pain, and indicated scale preference and simplicity. Scale face validity, concurrent validity, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability at a 3-day interval were assessed. Fisher's exact tests were used to investigate whether face validity was related to different age iv groups and the levels of CI. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to test the differences of concurrent validity, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability of each pain scale among the four groups. Regarding face validity, the FPS was ranked best across the subjects as nearly half of the patients selected it as both the most preferred and simplest and it had low errors; the VDS and the NRS were similar and ranked following the FPS; however, the BS-21 and the CAS were ranked last. The concurrent validity, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability of all five pain scales were supported in use with the four groups. The differences in psychometric properties among the four groups were only found in face validity. The findings support the psychometric properties of all five pain scales for pain assessment in Chinese adults including the elderly with mild CI. However, the FPS appears to be the best scale followed by the VDS and the NRS. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIt is impossible to finish this work without the continuous help and love from the people around me. I take this opportunity to give thanks to them for their willing to teach, guidance, help, and care during my master degree study.

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Section: Background and Significance Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Unidimensional Assessment Tools Based On Self-reportmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Gagliese Et Al (2005) Compared the Vas-horizontal (Vas-h) mentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Background and Significance Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Psychometric properties of pain intensity scales comparing among postoperative adult patients, elderly patients without and with mild cognitive impairment in China

Zhou

Petpichetchian

Kitrungrote

2011

International Journal of Nursing Studies

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show abstract

“…[59] [61] [110] Preliminary evaluation of the FPS with 39 cognitively intact and impaired African-American older adults suggests that the FPS may actually be measuring a broader pain construct that includes affective and sensory components. [113] Although the FPS demonstrates good psychometric properties among cognitively intact older adults, [61] [110] evaluations of its use among larger samples of cognitively impaired older adults are limited. The FPS is clearly advantageous for older adults with limited education, low literacy levels, or dyslexia.…”

Section: Pictorial Pain Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and measurement of pain in older adults

Herr

Garand

2001

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine

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342

251

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Although the empirical base is still limited when providing clear directions for pain assessment and management in older adults, it is possible to identify recommendations for guiding practice based on consensus and a developing scientific base to support best practice activities. This article offers a brief overview of the epidemiology and consequences of pain, followed by a summary of issues and approaches relevant to pain assessment in older adults. Cohort specific recommendations for comprehensive pain assessment and measurement are then addressed. Prevalence and Consequences of Pain in Older AdultsOlder individuals frequently suffer from both acute and chronic painful diseases, have multiple diseases, and take numerous pain medications, [2] although relatively little investigative or clinical attention has been paid to the assessment of pain in the geriatric population, compared with the general population. This is surprising because populationbased figures indicate that the prevalence of pain is twofold higher in those over age 60 (250 per thousand), compared with those under age 60 (125 per thousand). [24] [79] [108] Further, prevalence estimates suggest that approximately 60% of community-dwelling older adults and up to 80% of elderly long-term care facility residents experience substantial pain.[24] [79] [108] Because pain is often remediable, [2] [25] it is thought that the high prevalence estimates of unrelieved pain in elderly persons may result from underrecognition, which in turn results in undertreatment. [65] [91] [120] The consequences of untreated pain can profoundly impact the older person's quality of life. In addition to physiologic risks associated with untreated pain (e.g., cough suppression with subsequent retention of pulmonary secretions), depression, [58] [39] [90] Therefore, it is imperative that health care professionals' knowledge and skills related to pain assessment in older adults be improved, and aggressive approaches to comprehensive pain assessment be adopted, to ensure and improve the quality of life of our senior citizens. Approaches to Pain Assessment with Older Adults Clinical AssessmentIn the clinical setting, accurate assessment of pain is critical for the identification of appropriate interventions and for evaluating the effectiveness of such interventions. Patients should be assessed regularly for the presence of pain and for improvement, deterioration, or complications attributable to pain treatment.[2] The frequency of the follow-up should be a function of the severity of the pain and the potential for adverse effects of treatment. Documentation of pain assessment formalizes the pain assessment process and is essential in the provision of individualized care from both a legal and professional perspective. [17] Inherent in the assessment of pain among older adults is the understanding of its potentially remediable components. For example, if a patient has acute pain, assessment should focus on the underlying pathology responsible for the pain stimulus. If th...

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Anaesthesia

Crowe¹

2012

Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine

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Evaluation of the Faces Pain Scale for Use with the Elderly

Cited by 205 publications

References 31 publications

Psychometric properties of pain intensity scales comparing among postoperative adult patients, elderly patients without and with mild cognitive impairment in China

Psychometric properties of pain intensity scales comparing among postoperative adult patients, elderly patients without and with mild cognitive impairment in China

Assessment and measurement of pain in older adults

Anaesthesia

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