Evaluation of the expression of I-FABP and L-FABP in a necrotizing enterocolitis model after the use of Lactobacillus acidophilus

Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides mitigate the adverse effects of iron fortification on the gut microbiome: a randomised controlled study in Kenyan infants

“…I-FABP in our infants at baseline was higher than in European children with sepsis,32 and high plasma I-FABP in African infants may reflect enterocyte injury due to common enteric infections 33. In our study, at 4 months, I-FABP was higher in the Fe group than in the control group, while there was no significant difference comparing the FeGOS group with control (figure 5B), suggesting the addition of GOS may have reduced Fe-mediated enterocyte damage; this effect may be mediated through changes in gut microbiota34 and/or iron-induced oxidative stress to enterocytes 35…”

Impact of probiotics on necrotizing enterocolitis

“…54 L acidophilus strains produce at least 27 bacteriocins with antibacterial activity against a wide range of gut microbes including other lactobacilli, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillus sp,, Corynebacterium sp, Vibrio sp, staphylococci, and C. sakazaki 55-57 L acidophilus secretes anti-inflammatory factors that inhibit induction of NFκB and IL-8 by platelet activating factor (PAF) an inflammatory pathway important in NEC. 58 L acidophilus produces short chain fatty acids and also secretes factors that facilitate uptake of butyrate by the host colonocyte.…”

Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Through Manipulation of the Intestinal Microbiota of the Premature Infant

“…For example, three species of Bifidobacterium decrease incidence and severity of NEC in animal models 39-41 but appear to utilize different mechanisms: B. longum subsp infantis attenuates induction of IL6, IL8, TNFα and IL23 in the rat NEC model 39 , decreases IL1β induced IL8 and IL6 expression in immature human gut xenografts 42 , and has a competitive advantage over other gut microbes in the presence of human milk oligosaccharides 43 ; B. bifidum improves barrier function 44 , decreases apoptosis 45 and attenuates IL6 induction in the rat NEC model 40 and alters short chain fatty acid production in vitro in feces from premature infants 46 ; and B. breve decreases inflammation in the rat NEC model 41 and alters butyrate production 46 and increases serum levels of TGFβ expression in premature infants 47 . Lactobacilli also show diversity of function with 3 species that decrease NEC in animal models 48-50 with different mechanisms: L. acidophilus secretes one or more molecules that inhibit induction of inflammation by platelet activating factor 51 and alters expression of hundreds of genes important in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immune response 52 ; L. reuteri decreases expression of IL6 and TNFα and increases ileal regulatory T cells in the rat NEC model 53 and increases intestinal motility 54 ; L. rhamnosus (strain GG, ATCC 53103) decreases expression of TNFα and MIP2 through upregulation of the IL10 receptor 55 and decreases intestinal permeability 56 through both increased expression of tight junction proteins 57 and decreased apoptosis 58 , while a different strain (HN001) decreases incidence and severity of NEC in both a mouse and a piglet model, through alterations in TLR9 signaling 49 .…”