Evaluation of the Etest for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria

Rosenblatt, Jon E.; Gustafson, Daniel R.

doi:10.1016/0732-8893(95)00049-g

Cited by 61 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A recent study comparing two gradient diffusion methods with the agar dilution method found that the gradient diffusion method may not recognize (may underestimate) resistance to some antimicrobial agents in some anaerobes (16). In that study, penicillin and metronidazole had reduced MICs, with very major errors in agreement between the methods observed for the Bacteroides fragilis group and the Clostridium species isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…There has been some debate over the use of the gradient diffusion test strip method in preference to the agar dilution method as described by CLSI for anaerobe antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing (15,16). A recent study comparing two gradient diffusion methods with the agar dilution method found that the gradient diffusion method may not recognize (may underestimate) resistance to some antimicrobial agents in some anaerobes (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency of Resistance in Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated from Dogs, Cats, and Horses to Antimicrobial Agents

2013

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cClinical specimens from dogs, cats, and horses were examined for the presence of obligate anaerobic bacteria. Of 4,018 specimens cultured, 368 yielded 606 isolates of obligate anaerobic bacteria (248 from dogs, 50 from cats, and 308 from horses). There were 100 specimens from 94 animals from which only anaerobes were isolated (25 dogs, 8 cats, and 61 horses). The most common sites tested were abdominal fluid (dogs and cats) and intestinal contents (horses). The most common microorganism isolated from dogs, cats, and horses was Clostridium perfringens (75, 13, and101 isolates, respectively). The MICs of amoxicillin with clavulanate, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, and penicillin were determined using a gradient endpoint method for anaerobes. Isolates collected at necropsy were not tested for antimicrobial susceptibility unless so requested by the clinician. There were 1/145 isolates tested that were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate (resistance breakpoint > 16/8 g/ml), 7/77 isolates tested were resistant to ampicillin (resistance breakpoint > 2 g/ml), 4/242 isolates tested were resistant to chloramphenicol (resistance breakpoint > 32 g/ml), 12/158 isolates tested were resistant to clindamycin (resistance breakpoint > 8 g/ml), 10/247 isolates tested were resistant to metronidazole (resistance breakpoint > 32 g/ml), and 54/243 isolates tested were resistant to penicillin (resistance breakpoint > 2 g/ml). These data suggest that anaerobes are generally susceptible to antimicrobial drugs in vitro.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Resistance in Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated from Dogs, Cats, and Horses to Antimicrobial Agents

2013

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“…The inoculum size was equivalent to a No.1 McFarland standard [13] and incubated in an anaerobic atmosphere (anaerocult A system, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) at 35°C for 48 hours. All isolates were highly susceptible to penicillin ( s ≤0 03 μg/mL) and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (MICs ranges 0,094 -0,125 μg/mL), whereas reduced activities were seen with ciprofloxacin with MICs ranges from 8-32 μg/ml.…”

Section: Case Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinobaculum schaalii causing urinary tract infections: report of four cases from Argentina

Barberis

Cittadini

Castillo

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Other methods, including disk elution or broth dilution methods in prereduced media, have not provided reproducible results (16). The most commonly used method in routine laboratories is now the gradient endpoint method (5,6,12,27,28). It provides rapid and accurate MICs for therapeutic options of the most common antimicrobial agents that are effective against anaerobes, and until now the Etest device was the only gradient endpoint method available.…”

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confidence: 99%

First Comprehensive Evaluation of the M.I.C. Evaluator Device Compared to Etest and CLSI Reference Dilution Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Clinical Strains of Anaerobes and Other Fastidious Bacterial Species

et al. 2012

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bThe new M.I.C. Evaluator strip uses test methodology and the recording of results that are similar to those of Etest. For this first assessment, 102 clinical strains of anaerobic bacteria from 12 genera and 155 strains from 7 genera and 8 species of fastidious bacteria were tested by M.I.C. Evaluator, Etest, and agar dilution or broth microdilution as a reference standard. Ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, imipenem, levofloxacin, metronidazole, penicillin, and tetracycline were tested depending on the species. Agar dilution for anaerobes was performed according to CLSI document M11-A7. For the fastidious bacteria, CLSI document M45-A2 was followed. For the anaerobes, essential and categorical agreement between M.I.C. Evaluator and Etest was >90%. Compared to agar dilution, essential agreement was low for both strip tests, and many very major errors were observed for metronidazole (13 to 14%) and penicillin (8 to 9%) with isolates from the Bacteroides fragilis group and Clostridium species. For fastidious species, essential agreements for M.I.C. Evaluator and Etest plus or minus one doubling dilution were >95%. Compared to broth microdilution, essential agreements were low (40 to 90%) plus or minus one dilution and were >90% plus or minus two dilutions, with high overall category agreement (CA). Major and minor errors were within established parameters for all strains tested. The M.I.C. Evaluator strips were equivalent to Etest for anaerobes and fastidious species. These observations require further investigation to determine which methods provide the most accurate MIC for clinical utility. The further evaluation of additional M.I.C. Evaluator agents will be performed as they become available.

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Evaluation of the Etest for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria

Cited by 61 publications

References 12 publications

Frequency of Resistance in Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated from Dogs, Cats, and Horses to Antimicrobial Agents

Frequency of Resistance in Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated from Dogs, Cats, and Horses to Antimicrobial Agents

Actinobaculum schaalii causing urinary tract infections: report of four cases from Argentina

First Comprehensive Evaluation of the M.I.C. Evaluator Device Compared to Etest and CLSI Reference Dilution Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Clinical Strains of Anaerobes and Other Fastidious Bacterial Species

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