Evaluation of the enhanced meningitis surveillance system, Yendi municipality, northern Ghana, 2010–2015

Kaburi, Basil Benduri; Kubio, Chrysantus; Kenu, Ernest; Nyarko, Kofi Mensah; Mahama, Jacob Yakubu; Sackey, Samuel Oko; Afari, Edwin

doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2410-0

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Ten of the 11 studies were published in peer-reviewed journals and one, a Ph.D. thesis [8], was identified from grey literature. Six (55%) of the studies [9][10][11][12][13][14] addressed the first question on characteristics and findings of VPD surveillance system cost studies, one (9%) study exclusively answered the second question on collection and use of cost data in VPD surveillance evaluations [15], and four studies (36%) [8,[16][17][18] addressed both questions. Two studies included surveillance as a cost component, but did not provide specific surveillance estimates; in both cases both cases the authors estimated the cost of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) [14,18].…”

Section: Overview Of Selected Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stated study objectives (in papers reviewed). : Seven of the identified studies evaluated the incremental costs of additional surveillance components [5,6,9,[11][12][13].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Vpd Surveillance Cost Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of surveillance systems described by the 11 cost studies ranged from one to three; six studies evaluated one system [7][8][9]12,14,15]; three studies evaluated two systems [5,10,13], Somda et al evaluated three systems [6], and one study did not specify the number of systems evaluated over the 20-year period [11].…”

Section: Number Of Surveillance Systems Assessedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Costs associated with building infrastructure were often omitted due to lack of information on market value and replacement cost [8,9,13,15,16]. Recurrent costs typically included personnel, supplies and materials and could be extensive.…”

Section: Number Of Surveillance Systems Assessedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, this method was coupled with observation sessions or existing estimates retrieved from the literature [8,17]. However, in several studies, a systematic method for identifying shared costs was not articulated [10,13,15].…”

Section: Number Of Surveillance Systems Assessedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of vaccine preventable disease surveillance cost studies

Erondu

Ferland²,

Haile³

et al. 2019

Vaccine

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Background: Planning and monitoring vaccine introduction and effectiveness relies on strong vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) surveillance. In low and middle-income countries (LMICs) especially, cost is a commonly reported barrier to VPD surveillance system maintenance and performance; however, it is rarely calculated or assessed. This review describes and compares studies on the availability of cost information for VPD surveillance systems in LMICs to facilitate the design of future cost studies of VPD surveillance. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and EconLit were used to identify peer-reviewed articles and Google was searched for relevant grey literature. Studies selected described characteristics and results of VPD surveillance systems cost studies performed in LMICs. Studies were categorized according to the type of VPD surveillance system, study aim, the annual cost of the system, and per capita costs. Results: Eleven studies were identified that assessed the cost of VPD surveillance systems. The studies assessed systems from six low-income countries, two low-middle-income countries, and three middle-income countries. The majority of the studies (n = 7) were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa and fifteen distinct VPD surveillance systems were assessed across the studies. Most studies aimed to estimate incremental costs of additional surveillance components and presented VPD surveillance system costs as mean annual costs per resource category, health structure level, and by VPD surveillance activity. Staff time/personnel cost represents the largest cost driver, ranging from 21% to 61% of total VPD surveillance system costs across nine studies identifying a cost driver. Conclusions: This review provides a starting point to guide LMICs to invest and advocate for more robust VPD surveillance systems. Critical gaps were identified including limited information *

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Section: Overview Of Selected Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stated study objectives (in papers reviewed). : Seven of the identified studies evaluated the incremental costs of additional surveillance components [5,6,9,[11][12][13].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Vpd Surveillance Cost Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Number Of Surveillance Systems Assessedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Number Of Surveillance Systems Assessedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Number Of Surveillance Systems Assessedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of vaccine preventable disease surveillance cost studies

Erondu

Ferland²,

Haile³

et al. 2019

Vaccine

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Global Case Fatality of Bacterial Meningitis During an 80-Year Period

van Ettekoven,

Liechti,

Brouwer

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceThe impact of vaccination, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory treatment on pathogen distribution and outcome of bacterial meningitis over the past century is uncertain.ObjectiveTo describe worldwide pathogen distribution and case fatality ratios of community-acquired bacterial meningitis.Data SourcesGoogle Scholar and MEDLINE were searched in January 2022 using the search terms bacterial meningitis and mortality.Study SelectionIncluded studies reported at least 10 patients with bacterial meningitis and survival status. Studies that selected participants by a specific risk factor, had a mean observation period before 1940, or had more than 10% of patients with health care–associated meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, or missing outcome were excluded.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were extracted by 1 author and verified by a second author. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Random-effects models stratified by age (ie, neonates, children, adults), Human Development Index (ie, low-income or high-income countries), and decade and meta-regression using the study period’s year as an estimator variable were used.Main Outcome and MeasureCase fatality ratios of bacterial meningitis.ResultsThis review included 371 studies performed in 108 countries from January 1, 1935, to December 31, 2019, describing 157 656 episodes. Of the 33 295 episodes for which the patients’ sex was reported, 13 452 (40%) occurred in females. Causative pathogens were reported in 104 598 episodes with Neisseria meningitidis in 26 344 (25%) episodes, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 26 035 (25%) episodes, Haemophilus influenzae in 22 722 (22%), other bacteria in 19 161 (18%) episodes, and unidentified pathogen in 10 336 (10%) episodes. The overall case fatality ratio was 18% (95% CI, 16%-19%), decreasing from 32% (95% CI, 24%-40%) before 1961 to 15% (95% CI, 12%-19%) after 2010. It was highest in meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes at 27% (95% CI, 24%-31%) and pneumococci at 24% (95% CI, 22%-26%), compared with meningitis caused by meningococci at 9% (95% CI, 8%-10%) or H influenzae at 11% (95% CI, 10%-13%). Meta-regression showed decreasing case fatality ratios overall and stratified by S pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, or Streptococcus agalactiae (P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this meta-analysis with meta-regression, declining case fatality ratios of community-acquired bacterial meningitis throughout the last century were observed, but a high burden of disease remained.

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