Evaluation of the elemental composition and radiological density of bone tissue when replacing a metaphyseal defect with bioceramic phosphate-silicate granules (experimental study)

Abstract

Background: It is known that bioceramic implants containing various calcium or silicon compounds in isolation demonstrate osteoconductive effect in the replacement of post-traumatic bone defects. The combined use of these elements in single material should potentiate the organotypic filling of the bone cavity by creating favorable ion microenvironment and staged biodegradation. AIM: To identify the correlation of radiological indicators of the density of newly formed bone tissue and content of micro- and macronutrients in a bone defect when it is replaced by bioceramics with various mass ratio of calcium phosphate and silicate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on male rabbits of the “white giant” breed, which, after receiving a standardized delimited metaphysical bone defect, implants with variable ratio of calcium phosphate and calcium silicate (in proportions of 40/60, 50/50 and 60/40 wt. %) were used to replace it. The results were evaluated using multispiral computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive analysis with detection by the method of correlation analysis of possible connections between the obtained data. RESULTS: Quantitative indicators of calcium and phosphorus content in bone regenerate in all groups increased mainly in the period from 30 to 60 days, and silicon content, reaching maximum amounts by the 30th day of the experiment, subsequently decreased monotonously, which showed participation of this element in the starting regenerative processes, and its decrease served as a marker of organotypic restructuring. In the elemental analysis of newly formed bone tissue during implantation of bioceramics containing phosphate and calcium silicate in the proportion of 60/40 wt. %. The highest amounts of calcium, phosphorus and silicon and the highest density of newly formed bone tissue were noted, which had direct correlation, and this pattern was observed both in the early stages (30 days) and throughout the experimental study. CONCLUSION: Analyzing the data obtained, it can be concluded that it is advisable to study the features of the course of reparative osteogenesis depending on the ionic environment, as well as the high potential of using synthetic bioceramics in general and the prospects of using implants on the basis of phosphate-silicate composites for bone defects replacement.